合理施肥对土壤速效养分改善及“北冰红”葡萄产量的影响  

Effects of Reasonable Fertilization on Improving Soil Available Nutrients and Yield of‘Beibinghong’Grape

作　　者：王伟军 陈文朝 郝建宇 王岩 孟祥辉 徐敏 WANG Weijun;CHEN Wenchao;HAO Jianyu;WANG Yan;MENG Xianghui;XU Min(Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhangjiakou,Hebei 075000)

机构地区：[1]张家口市农业科学院,河北张家口075000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第13期51-56,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-29);河北省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设专项资金资助项目(13000022P00E90410004M 1);河北省农业科技成果转化资助项目;张家口市重点研发计划资助项目(2311026C)。

摘　　要：以五年生“北冰红”葡萄为试材,采用随机区组的方法,研究了合理施肥对“北冰红”葡萄土壤速效养分、叶片、叶柄、果实养分和果实产量的影响,以期为“北冰红”葡萄合理施肥提供参考依据。结果表明:与CK(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=0∶0∶0)相比,施肥可以显著提高60 cm土壤养分含量。成熟期0~60 cm的土层T2(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=2∶2∶3)和T3(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=2∶3∶4)处理有效磷含量相同,显著高于不施肥(CK)和T1(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=3∶2∶4)处理;T1处理碱解氮含量最高,T3处理速效钾含量最高。与不施肥(CK)相比,施肥可以显著提高叶片、叶柄、果实氮磷钾含量。不施肥处理下叶片、叶柄、果实氮磷钾含量从转色期到成熟期持续下降,各个时期不同处理下均是葡萄叶片中氮含量最高,叶柄中钾含量>果实>叶片,成熟期磷含量叶片>果实。与不施肥(CK)相比,T1、T2、T3处理单株产量分别提高了37.46%、25.29%和17.34%,T1处理下单粒质量、单株产量及折合产量均为最高。综合经济效益,处理T1(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=3∶2∶4)是提高“北冰红”葡萄园最佳肥料配比方式。Five-year-old grape‘Beibinghong’was used as test material,the effects on soil available nutrients,leaf blades,petioles,fruit nutrients and fruit yield under reasonable fertilization were studied by using a random block method,in order to provide reference for the rational fertilization of grape variety‘Beibinghong’.The results showed that fertilization could significantly increase the 60 cm soil nutrient content compared with CK(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=0∶0∶0).During mature period,available phosphorus contents of treatments T2(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=2∶2∶3)and T3(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=2∶3∶4)in 0-60 cm soil layer were the same,significantly higher than that of the non fertilization treatments(CK)and T1(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=3∶2∶4).The alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen content of treatment T1 was the highest,while the available potassium content of treatment T3 was the highest.Compared with no fertilization treatment(CK),fertilization could significantly increase the nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium content in leaves,petioles,and fruits.The nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents in leaves,petioles,and fruits were decreasing continuously from the turning stage to the mature stage under no fertilization treatment.In different stages and different treatments,the nitrogen content in grape leaves was the highest,and potassium contents sequence were petioles>fruit>leaf,while during mature stage,the phosphorus contents sequence were leaves>fruit.Compared with non fertilization(CK),the yield per plant of treatments T1,T2 and T3 were increased by 37.46%,25.29%and 17.34%respectively.The single grain quality,yield per plant,and equivalent yield were all the highest under treatment T1.Considering the economic benefits,treatment T1(N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=3∶2∶4)was the optimal fertilizer ratio method in‘Beibinghong’grapery.

关 键 词：配比施肥 北冰红 速效养分 土壤含量 产量 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]