基于单星光学测角的初轨确定可观测性分析  

Observability analysis of initial orbit determination with bearings-only measurements from single satellite

作　　者：汪璞 安玮[1] 盛卫东 闫天羽 WANG Pu;AN Wei;SHENG Weidong;YAN Tianyu(College of Electronic Science and Technology,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学电子科学学院,长沙410073

出　　处：《航空学报》2023年第15期359-370,共12页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61921001)。

摘　　要：基于单星光学探测数据进行初轨确定是空间态势感知的重要研究方向。该领域的研究主要集中在如何仅用测角信息进行初轨确定,部分论文探讨了在特定条件下初轨确定问题的可观测性,但还缺乏对可观测性的一般性理论证明。在理想二体运动模型假设下,文章从理论上证明了除共面轨道和双子轨道这2种场景外,基于单星测角数据可以唯一确定目标轨道,即一般情况下初轨确定是可观测的。此外,还通过数值仿真对结论进行了验证。该结论揭示了天基光学观测初轨确定问题的部分基础特性,有助于进一步优化相关初轨确定算法。Initial orbit determination based on bearings-only measurements is an important research direction in space situational awareness.The research in this field mainly focuses on how to determine the initial orbit using bearings-only measurement.Some studies have explored the observability of initial orbit determination under specific conditions,but there is still a lack of general theoretical proof of observability.Under the assumption of an ideal two-body motion model,this article theoretically proves that except for the two scenarios of coplanar orbit and twin orbits,the target or⁃bit can be uniquely determined based on single satellite bearings-only measurement,that is,the initial orbit determina⁃tion is generally observable.The conclusion is also verified by numerical simulation.This conclusion reveals some ba⁃sic characteristics of the problem of initial orbit determination for space-based optical observations,and is helpful for further optimizing the algorithms for initial orbit determination.

关 键 词：单星 初轨确定 测角信息 二体运动模型 可观测性 

分 类 号：V412.41[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]