水分和CO_(2)对玉米光合性能及水分利用率的影响  

Effects of watering and CO_(2) on leaf photosynthesis and water use efficiency of maize

作　　者：郑云普 刘媛媛 殷嘉伟 常志杰 王彦睿 刘亮 田银帅 陈文娜 王利书 郝立华 ZHENG Yunpu;LIU Yuanyuan;YIN Jiawei;CHANG Zhijie;WANG Yanrui;LIU Liang;TIAN Yinshuai;CHEN Wenna;WANG Lishu;HAO Lihua(School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038,China;School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学水利水电学院,邯郸056038 [2]河北工程大学园林与生态工程学院,邯郸056038

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第12期71-81,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32071608和52209049);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(226Z6401G);河北省自然科学基金项目(E2021402031)。

摘　　要：利用环境生长室探讨不同CO_(2)浓度和土壤水分亏缺处理下玉米植株生物量、气孔形态与分布特征、叶片气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数等生长及生理指标的变化规律。以‘郑单958’玉米品种为试材,利用环境生长室设置2个CO_(2)浓度和4个土壤水分梯度对玉米进行CO_(2)浓度和水分处理。结果表明:1)不同程度土壤水分亏缺均显著降低玉米地上生物量(P<0.05),但CO_(2)浓度升高增加了轻度水分亏缺条件下玉米地上生物量(P<0.01)和总生物量(P<0.01)。2)大气CO_(2)浓度升高导致轻度和中度水分亏缺条件下玉米的净光合速率(Pn)分别提高15.8%(P<0.05)和25.7%(P=0.001),而CO_(2)浓度升高却降低了玉米叶片蒸腾速率(P<0.001)和气孔导度(P<0.001),最终导致玉米瞬时水分利用效率均显著提高(P<0.001)。3)不同水分处理对玉米叶片气孔密度和单个气孔形态特征均造成显著影响(P<0.01)。因此,大气CO_(2)浓度升高可以增加轻度水分亏缺条件下玉米叶片氮含量、叶片非结构性碳水化合物含量和光合电子传递速率,从而提高玉米植株的生物量累积以及叶片碳同化能力和水分利用效率。研究结果将为深入理解气候变化背景下玉米对大气CO_(2)浓度升高和土壤水分亏缺的生理生态响应机制提供科学依据。Elevated atmospheric CO_(2) concentration and soil water deficiency have posed some impacts on the plant growth,leaf gas exchange and biochemical characteristics of maize(Zea mays L.).It is a high demand to explore the physiological and ecological responses of agricultural ecosystems to future climate change.This study aims to further understand the key processes and potential mechanisms of elevated atmospheric CO_(2) concentration and soil water deficiency on the growth,physiological and biochemical characteristics of maize.Eight environmental growth chambers were employed to examine the changes in plant biomass,stomatal morphology and distribution,leaf gas exchange,and chlorophyll fluorescence of maize with the ambient CO_(2) concentration(400μmol/mol)and elevated CO_(2) concentration(800μmol/mol)along a soil water gradient,including full irrigation(75%~85%FC),mild water deficiency(65%~75%FC),moderate water deficiency(55%~65%FC),and severe water deficiency(45%~55%FC).A split-plot experiment was designed with two factors of CO_(2) concentration and watering,where CO_(2) concentration was the main plot with two levels,and watering was the subplot with four water treatments.Environmental growth chambers were selected to control the CO_(2) treatments with high-purity CO_(2) source from a CO_(2) bottle tank.Specifically,the CO_(2) concentration was maintained at an ambient CO_(2) concentration of 400μmol/mol in four environmental growth chambers,whereas,the target CO_(2) concentration in the other four chambers was supplied with the elevated CO_(2) concentration(800μmol/mol).The results showed that the soil water deficiency significantly decreased the aboveground biomass(P<0.05),but the elevated CO_(2) concentration increased the aboveground biomass and the total biomass of maize plants under mild water deficiency.Meanwhile,the contents of nitrogen and nonstructural carbohydrates in leaves were also outstandingly enhanced by the elevated CO_(2) concentration.Moreover,the elevated CO_(2) concentration substantial

关 键 词：玉米(Zea may L.) 二氧化碳 水分 气孔特征 气体交换参数 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] S519