2018年北京市首次中小学生近视筛查结果分析  

Analysis of data of the first myopia screening program among primary and middle school students in Beijing in 2018

作　　者：王路[1] 夏志伟 赵海[1] 滕立新[1] 郭欣[1] WANG Lu;XIA Zhiwei;ZHAO hai;TENG Lixin;GUO Xin(Beijing Center for Disease Prevention Control,Beijing,100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科,100013

出　　处：《中国生育健康杂志》2023年第5期429-432,共4页Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health

摘　　要：目的掌握2018年北京市儿童青少年的近视检出率基数,为研究制定相应的预防控制措施以及下阶段综合防控青少年近视工作的效果评价,提供基础依据。方法按照分层整群抽样方法抽取小学、初中及高中学生为研究对象,对其进行远视力和屈光检测,检测结果原始资料使用EpiData双录入,采用SPSS 21.0软件进行χ^(2)检验,分析不同性别、城乡、学段学生近视检出情况。结果中小学生总体近视检出率为59.4%,其中,男生为56.6%,女生为62.4%;城区为62.0%,郊区为57.8%。性别之间、城区与郊区之间近视检出率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。学生的近视及高度近视检出率自小学(38.4%,1.4%)初中(77.2%,10.4%)至高中(88.3%,20.7%)呈上升趋势,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论北京市学生近视检出率较高,学生近视现状亟待解决。针对不同的学段学生,近视防控工作要采取相应的近视干预手段,以控制近视过早发生及过快发展。Objective To obtain the rate of myopia in children and adolescents in Beijing in 2018,to study and formulate the corresponding prevention and control measures,and to provide baseline data for the evaluation of the effect of comprehensive prevention and control program on myopia in adolescents in the next stage.Methods Primary school,junior high school,and senior high school students were selected as subjects based on stratified cluster sampling,and their distance vision and diopter were tested.The original data were entered directly into EpiData,and the differences in the rate of myopia between gender,region,and different schooling stages were examined using standard Pearson′s Chi-squared test.Data analyses were performed by using SPSS 21.0.Results The overall rate of myopia was 59.4%,which was 56.6%in boys and 62.4%in girls and 62.0%in urban areas and 57.8%in suburbs.The difference of myopia detection rate between genders and between urban and suburban areas was statistically significant(P<0.05).The rates of total myopia and high myopia were 38.4%and 1.4%in primary school students,77.2%and 10.4%in junior high school students,and 88.3%and 20.7%in senior high school students,respectively;the rates of total myopia and high myopia increased statistically with schooling stages(P<0.05).Conclusions The rate of myopia among students in Beijing is high.The current situation of students'myopia needs to be solved urgently.For different stages of students,the prevention and control of myopia should take corresponding myopia intervention measures to control the premature occurrence and rapid development of myopia.

关 键 词：近视 屈光检测 中小学生 

分 类 号：R17[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]