气流清扫的超音速喷管气动设计及其性能的对比分析  

Aerodynamic Design and Performance Comparison of Supersonic Nozzle Using Airflow Sweeping

作　　者：赵宏星 卢耀辉[1] 王北昆 唐波[1] 罗银生 陈德君 毛荣生 ZHAO Hong-xing;LU Yao-hui;WANG Bei-kun;TANG Bo;LUO Yin-sheng;CHEN De-jun;MAO Rong-sheng(School of Mechanical Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;Tangshan Baichuan Intelligent Machine Co.,Ltd.,Hebei Tangshan 063000,Chin)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学机械工程学院,成都610031 [2]唐山百川智能机器股份有限公司,河北唐山063000

出　　处：《装备环境工程》2023年第8期90-97,共8页Equipment Environmental Engineering

基　　金：四川省科技计划项目(2022YFG0251)。

摘　　要：目的提出使用拉瓦尔喷管产生高速气流清扫固体表面附着的水膜。方法设计中心轴对称锥形喷管(Taper-A)、中心轴对称Sivell法喷管(Sivell-A)、中心轴对称短化喷管(MLN-A)和二维锥形型线喷管(Taper-2D),建立包括外流场的LES数值仿真模型,并进行仿真,分析研究外流场结构,并基于韦伯数判据,分析超音速喷管的清扫性能。结果喷管短化设计方法可以将喷管长度缩短50%。外流场速度呈波动衰减趋势,特征线法喷管的气流膨胀更充分。缩短喷管长度会减小内流场的附面层厚度,因此MLN-A在速度波动中的能量耗散较少;喷管过长也会降低清扫性能,MLN-A和Taper-2D在x_(L)>2区域的最大等效水膜厚度小于0.2μm,但MLN-A有效清扫面积比Taper-A的喷管提高15%以上,清扫性能最优。结论喷管短化设计方法可以有效缩短喷管。喷管结构对清扫性能影响较大。MLN-A喷管的清扫性能最优。It is proposed to use a Laval nozzle to generate high-speed airflow to clean the water film attached to the solid surface.A central axisymmetric conical nozzle(Taper-A),a central axisymmetric Sivell nozzle(Sivell-A),a central axisymmet-ric minimum length nozzle(MLN-A),and a two-dimensional conical nozzle(Taper-2D)were designed.An LES numerical simulation model including the external flow field was established and simulated.The external flow field structure was analyzed and the cleaning performance of the supersonic nozzle was analyzed based on the Weber number criterion.MLN method could shorten the nozzle length by 50%.The external flow field velocity of supersonic airflow showed a fluctuating attenuation trend,and the airflow expansion of the characteristic line method nozzle was more sufficient.Shortening the nozzle length reduced the boundary layer thickness of the internal flow field,so MLN-A had less energy dissipation in velocity fluctuations.Excessive nozzle length could also reduce cleaning performance,with the maximum equivalent water film thickness of MLN-A and Ta-per-2D being less than 0.2μm in areas with x_(L)>2.The effective cleaning area of MLN-A was more than 15%higher than that of Taper-A nozzle,and the cleaning performance was optimal.The MLN method can shorten the nozzle length,the nozzle struc-ture has great effect on cleaning performance and MLN-A nozzle has the best cleaning performance.

关 键 词：超音速喷管 气动设计 大涡模拟 外流场 清扫性能 

分 类 号：U270.11[机械工程—车辆工程]