老年冠心病患者PCI术后限钠饮食管理现状及其影响因素分析  

Study on Situation and Risk Factors of Sodium Restriction Diet Management in Elderly Patients with Coronary Heart Disease after PCI

作　　者：郭雅楠 杨柳 崔慢飞 GUO Yanan;YANG Liu;CUI Manfei(Cardiac Rehabilitation Center,Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University,Beijing,100144,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京康复医院心脏康复中心,北京100144

出　　处：《中国社会医学杂志》2023年第4期450-455,共6页Chinese Journal of Social Medicine

基　　金：首都临床特色应用研究与成果推广项目(Z161100000516127)。

摘　　要：目的调查老年冠心病(coronary heart disease,CHD)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术后限钠饮食管理现状并分析其影响因素。方法于2018年4月-2021年7月采用便利抽样的方法,选择首都医科大学附属北京康复医院收治接受PCI术的老年CHD患者728例作为观察对象。采用基本资料调查表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton Anxiety Scale,HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton Depression Scale,HAMD)、社会支持评定量表(Social Support Rating Scale,SSRS)、家庭支持评定量表(Personal Support Scale From Family,PSS-Fa)和限钠饮食问卷(Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire,DSRQ)评估患者相应状况。采用多元线性回归分析老年CHD患者PCI术后限钠饮食管理的影响因素。结果老年CHD患者PCI术后DSRQ总分为(53.92±12.32)分。线性回归分析可得,主要照顾者是子女和自己是老年冠心病患者PCI术后限钠饮食管理的危险因素(P<0.05),文化程度、合并慢性心衰、合并高血压、接受过限制饮食健康教育、有医生开具限钠饮食处方、社会支持和家庭支持是老年冠心病患者PCI术后限钠饮食管理的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论老年CHD患者PCI术后限钠饮食管理处于中等水平,其限钠饮食管理水平既受到文化程度和伴有慢性心衰及高血压等自身因素影响,也受主要照顾者、是否接受过限制饮食健康教育、有无医生开具限钠饮食处方、社会支持和家庭支持等外部因素影响,医护人员应采取针对性措施提高其PCI术后限钠饮食管理的依从性。Objective To investigate the status of sodium restriction diet management in elderly patients with co-ronary heart disease(CHD)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)and analyze its influence factors.Methods 728 elderly patients with CHD who underwent PCI were selected as investigate objects by convenience sampling method from April 2018 to July 2021.Basic information questionnaire,Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Personal Support Scale From family(PSS-Fa)and Dietary Sodium Restriction Questionnaire(DSRQ)were used to evaluate each score in these patients.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the risk factors of sodium restriction diet management in elderly patients with CHD after PCI.Results The total score of DSRQ was(53.92±12.32)in elderly patients with CHD after PCI.Linear regression analysis showed that main caregivers of being their children and being themselves was risk factor to sodium restriction diet management in elderly patients with CHD after PCI(P<0.05),and educational level,having chronic heart failure,having hypertension,being given health education on restricted diet,having sodium restriction diet issued prescription given by doctors,social support and family support were protective factors to sodium restriction diet management in elderly patients with CHD after PCI(P<0.05).Conclusion The level of sodium restriction diet management in elderly patients with CHD after PCI was moderate.Their level of sodium restricted diet management was affected not only by their own factors such as education level,having chronic heart failure and hypertension,but also by external factors such as main caregivers,whether being given health education on diet restricted,whether having sodium restriction diet issued prescription given by doctors,social support and family support.Medical staff should take targeted measures to improve their compliance with sodium restricted diet management after PCI.Medical staff should take targeted measures to

关 键 词：冠心病 老年人 限钠饮食 经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 影响因素 

分 类 号：R541.4[医药卫生—心血管疾病] R153.3[医药卫生—内科学]