玉米植株不同部位的青贮特征及其品质提升策略  

Silage Characteristics of Different Corn Plant Parts and Strategies for Improving Their Silage Quality

作　　者：严旭[1,2] 吴子周 左艳春[1,2] 王红林 王强锋[3] 李杨 寇晶[1,2] 杜周和[1,2] YAN Xu;WU Zi-zhou;ZUO Yan-chun;WANG Hong-lin;WANG Qiang-feng;LI Yang;KOU Jing;DU Zhou-he(Sericulture Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Nanchong Key Laboratory of Forage Crops Germplasm Enhancement and Production Management,Nanchong,Sichuan Province 637000,China;Institute of Specical Economic Animals and Plants,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong,Sichuan Province 637000,China;Institute of Biotechnology and Nucleic Technology,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu,Sichuan Province 610066,China;School of Urban-Rural Planning and Construction,Mianyang Teachers’College,Mianyang,Sichuan Province 621000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院蚕业研究所/饲用作物种质创新与利用南充市重点实验室,四川南充637000 [2]四川省农业科学院特种经济动植物研究所,四川南充637000 [3]四川省农业科学院生物技术与核技术研究所,四川成都610066 [4]绵阳师范学院城乡建设与规划学院,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《草地学报》2023年第8期2275-2286,共12页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：四川省农业科学院“1+9”揭榜挂帅科技攻关项目(1+9KJGG008和1+9KJGG004);四川省南充市研发资金项目(21YFZJ0087);四川省自然科学基金项目(2022 NSFSC1772);四川省农业科学院青年科研骨干培养计划项目资助。

摘　　要：玉米因其高产量、高干物质、高纤维、高淀粉、高代谢能和适宜青贮的特点,近年来在其适栽区域作为发展草食畜牧业的青贮饲料愈发受到重视。玉米秸秆富含纤维,籽粒富含淀粉,高纤维和高能量兼具的营养特性让全株玉米成为从谷物密集要肉奶逐步转向饲草密集要肉奶的首选栽培饲用作物。同时,其植株各部位可分别青贮的特性使得玉米青贮独树一帜。本文基于秸秆青贮、果穗青贮、高湿玉米青贮、籽粒复水青贮、全株玉米青贮的近期研究进展,论述玉米不同部位的青贮特征和应用场景,并总结玉米纤维与淀粉消化率的主要影响因素及其提升策略,进而展望中国玉米青贮的未来发展方向。In recent times,more attention has been paid to the production of corn silage for the development of herbivorous animal husbandry in corn suitable planting areas,owing to its high yield,high dry matter,high fiber,high starch,high metabolizable energy and the ability to make high-quality silage.Corn stalks and seeds are rich in fiber and starch,respectively.Whole-plant corn,which is high both in fiber and energy,will be a preferred cultivated forage crop for the gradual shift from grain-based feeding systems to forage-based feeding systems in China.At the same time,the fact that the different plant parts of corn can be ensilaged separately makes it unique.In this paper,we focused on silage characteristics and their application scenarios for different plant parts of maize based on the recent research developments in stalklage,earlage,high-moisture corn silage,rehydrated corn grain silage,and whole-plant corn silage.Current research progress on the factors affecting the digestibility of fiber and starch in corn silage and strategies to enhance their digestibility were also reviewed,and the future development of corn silage in China was discussed.

关 键 词：玉米青贮 秸秆青贮 果穗青贮 高湿玉米 籽粒复水青贮 纤维消化率 淀粉消化率 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]