三江源区建植“黑土山”人工草地对土壤性质的影响  

The Effect of Planting“Black-Soil Mountain”Artificial Grassland on Soil Properties in the Three Rivers Source Region

作　　者：刘和 王晓丽[1] 王彦龙[1] 马源 宋志萍 LIU He;WANG Xiao-li;WANG Yan-long;MA Yuan;SONG Zhi-ping(Sciences of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary in Qinghai Province,Key Laboratory of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem in the Three-River-Source(Qinghai University),Ministry of Education,Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland,Xining,Qinghai Province 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学青海省畜牧兽医科学院,三江源区高寒草地生态教育部重点实验室(青海大学),青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《草地学报》2023年第8期2527-2536,共10页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域联合基金(32260327,U21A20183,U21A20186);中国科学院-青海省人民政府-三江源国家公园联合研究专项(LHZX-2020-08)资助。

摘　　要：本研究以三江源区阴阳坡天然(NG)、退化“黑土山”(BG)、人工(AG)高寒草地为研究对象,通过土壤性质的测定,探讨三江源区退化草地与人工草地土壤碳氮磷及生态化学计量特征。结果表明,阳坡BG样地全氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)含量、NG样地全钾(Total potassium,TK)含量显著高于阴坡;AG样地全磷(Total phosphorus,TP)含量阴坡显著高于阳坡;阴坡和阳坡土壤碳氮比(C∶N)、氮磷比(N∶P)和碳磷比(C∶P)均呈现NG>BG>AG的趋势。全氮含量整体呈NG<AG<BG;AG的速效氮(Available nitrogen,AN)、土壤有机碳(Soil organic carbon,SOC)含量显著高于BG和NG。三因素方差分析显示,除速效氮外,坡向显著影响了土壤其余各指标;草地群落显著影响了除速效钾(Available potassium,AK)和pH值以外的土壤性质;土层显著影响了土壤速效养分和土壤有机碳含量。因此,人工草地建植前期和管护后期需要适当补充速效肥料且需增加氮钾肥比例,才能有效改善退化草地土壤状况。The soil properties of natural alpine grassland(NG),degraded"black-soil mountain"alpine grassland(BG)and artificial alpine grassland(AG)were measured to investigate the soil carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus contents and other ecological stoichiometry characteristics of degraded and artificial grasslands in the Three Rivers Source Region.The results showed that the soil total nitrogen(TN)and potassium(TK)contents of the BG and NG communities were significantly higher in the sunny slope than on those counterparts in the shady slope;the total phosphorus(TP)content of the AG community was significantly higher in the shady slope than that in the sunny slope;the ratios of carbon to nitrogen,nitrogen to phosphorus and carbon to phosphorus of the soils in both shady slope and sunny slopes were in a trend of NG>BG>AG.A three-way ANOVA showed that slope orientation significantly influenced all soil indicators except for available nitrogen(AN)and soil organic carbon(SOC),and grassland community significantly influenced all soil indicators except for available potassium(AK)content and pH value.Furthermore,the soil layer significantly influenced soil fast-acting nutrients and soil organic carbon.

关 键 词：“黑土山”退化草地 土层 坡向 草地群落 生态化学计量比 

分 类 号：Q178.14[生物学—水生生物学]