Attacks Against Cross-Chain Systems and Defense Approaches:A Contemporary Survey  

作　　者：Li Duan Yangyang Sun Wei Ni Weiping Ding Jiqiang Liu Wei Wang 

机构地区：[1]IEEE [2]the Beijing Key Laboratory of Security and Privacy in Intelligent Transportation,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China [3]the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security,Guilin 541004,China [4]the Communications and Signal Processing Team,Data61 Business Unit,Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO),Sydney NSW 2109,Australia [5]the School of Information Science and Technology,Nantong University,Nantong 226019,China

出　　处：《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》2023年第8期1647-1667,共21页自动化学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(4212008);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62272031);the Open Foundation of Information Security Evaluation Center of Civil Aviation,Civil Aviation University of China(ISECCA-202101);Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Information Security(GCIS201915);supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20463,U22B2027)。

摘　　要：The blockchain cross-chain is a significant technology for inter-chain interconnection and value transfer among different blockchain networks.Cross-chain overcomes the“information island”problem of the closed blockchain network and is increasingly applied to multiple critical areas such as finance and the internet of things(IoT).Blockchain can be divided into three main categories of blockchain networks:public blockchains,private blockchains,and consortium blockchains.However,there are differences in block structures,consensus mechanisms,and complex working mechanisms among heterogeneous blockchains.The fragility of the cross-chain system itself makes the cross-chain system face some potential security and privacy threats.This paper discusses security defects on the cross-chain implementation mechanism,and discusses the impact of the structural features of blockchain networks on cross-chain security.In terms of cross-chain intercommunication,a cross-chain attack can be divided into a multi-chain combination attack,native chain attack,and inter-chain attack diffusion.Then various security threats and attack paths faced by the cross-chain system are analyzed.At last,the corresponding security defense methods of cross-chain security threats and future research directions for cross-chain applications are put forward.

关 键 词：Blockchain cross-chain DEFENSE distributed private key control hash-locking NOTARY security threats sidechain/relay 

分 类 号：TP311.13[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论] TP309[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]