云南农村汉族和哈尼族老年人心血管病危险因素及其聚集性现状的对比分析  

A comparative study of prevalence of clustering of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly between Han majority and Ha Ni ethnic minority in rural Yunnan

作　　者：黄友 赵一 孙承欢 李国晖 李芹 左梅 蔡乐 HUNAG You;ZHAO Yi;SUN Cheng-huan;LI Guo-hui;LI Qin;ZUO Mei;CAI Le(School of Public Health,Kunming Medical University,Kunming,Yunnan 650500,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南昆明650500 [2]昆明医科大学第一附属医院内分泌科

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2023年第16期2892-2897,共6页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(72064026);云南省创新团队培育计划(202005AE160002)。

摘　　要：目的对比分析云南省农村汉族和哈尼族老年人心血管疾病危险因素及聚集性的流行现状,为制定相应的心血管病防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法从墨江哈尼族自治县分别抽取1413名和1402名≥60岁农村常住的汉族和哈尼族老年人进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果汉族老年人超重率、肥胖率、中心性肥胖率、一日三餐不按时吃、摄入腌制品≥3天/周的比例分别为25.8%、9.2%、48.3%、13.7%、47.3%,均高于哈尼族(16.2%、3.4%、19.1%、6.6%、37.6%);而饮酒率、高脂饮食和高盐饮食的比例分别为14.4%、37.7%和63.0%,均低于哈尼族(31.2%、44.8%、73.4%)(均P<0.05)。汉族和哈尼族均是男性的吸烟率、饮酒率和高脂饮食的比例(42.3%、26.5%、46.4%和23.8%、58.2%、75.9%)高于女性(0.7%、3.0%、29.6%和0.5%、6.3%、38.3%),而中心性肥胖率低于女性(均P<0.05)。云南农村汉族和哈尼族老年人心血管疾病危险因素聚集率为90.4%和86.9%,汉族高于哈尼族(χ^(2)=8.926,P<0.05);此外,汉族女性心血管疾病危险因素聚集率高于哈尼族女性(89.3%和81.2%,χ^(2)=18.806,P<0.05)。结论云南农村汉族和哈尼族老年人心血管疾病危险因素的暴露率和聚集率存在明显的民族和性别差异。Objective To compare prevalence of clustering of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases(CVD)in the elderly between Han majority and Ha Ni ethnic minority in rural Yunnan Province,and to provide evidence for formulating corresponding prevention and treatment strategies of CVD.Methods The multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 1413 Han majority participants and 1402 Ha Ni ethnic minority participants aged≥60 from Mo Jiang Hani Autonomous County,respectively,and each participant received questionnaire survey and physical examination.Results The prevalence of overweight,obesity,central obesity,proportion of not eating on time for three meals a day and proportion of eating pickled products≥3 days a week among Han majority older adults was 25.8%,9.2%,48.3%,13.7% and 47.3%,respectively,and all were higher than those of Ha Ni ethnic minority older adults(16.2%,3.4%,19.1%,6.6%,and 37.6%,all P<0.05),while prevalence of drinking,proportion of eating high-fat diet and eating high-salt diet was 14.4%,37.7% and 63.0%,respectively,which were lower than those of Ha Ni ethnic minority group(31.2%,44.8%,73.4%,all P<0.05).For both Han majority and Ha Ni ethnic minority older adults,males had higher prevalence of smoking,drinking,and proportion of eating high-fat diet than females,while they had lower prevalence of central obesity than females(Han majority:42.3%vs.0.7%,26.5%vs.3.0%,46.4%vs.29.6%,Ha Ni ethnic minority:23.8%vs.0.5%,58.2%vs.6.3%,and 75.9%vs.38.3%,all P<0.05).The prevalence of clustering of CVD risk factors was 90.4%for Han majority and 86.9%for Ha Ni ethnic minority,which was higher in the Han majority than that in the Ha Ni ethnic minority(χ^(2)=8.926,P<0.05).Furthermore,Han majority females had higher prevalence of clustering of CVD risk factors than Ha Ni females(89.3%and 81.2%,χ^(2)=18.806,P<0.05).Conclusion There are obviously ethnic and gender differences in prevalence of clustering of CVD risk factors between Han majority and Ha Ni ethnic minority elderly in rural Yunnan Province

关 键 词：汉族 哈尼族 心血管疾病 危险因素 聚集 农村 

分 类 号：R54[医药卫生—心血管疾病]