南美坎波斯盆地构造演化特征及构造活动对油气成藏条件的影响  

Structural evolution characteristics of Campos Basin of South America and the influence of its tectonic activities on hydrocarbon accumulation conditions

作　　者：杨淞淇 何山 郑求根[1] 田纳新[2] 陶崇智 张懿 YANG Songqi;HE Shan;ZHENG Qiugen;TIAN Naxin;TAO Chongzhi;ZHANG Yi(School of Ocean Sciences,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)海洋学院,北京100083 [2]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,北京102206

出　　处：《中国地质调查》2023年第4期46-56,共11页Geological Survey of China

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“南大西洋两岸盆地分析与油气资源评价(编号:2016ZX05033-001)”课题资助。

摘　　要：为探讨构造活动对南美坎波斯盆地油气成藏条件的影响,从盆地形成的动力学背景、不同演化阶段的构造沉积作用,不同层系的生储盖发育特征及其与构造作用的关系出发,剖析了坎波斯盆地在其演化过程中各种构造活动对生油层、储层、盖层、圈闭、运移通道以及油气保存条件等方面的控制作用。结果表明:Tristan地幔柱隆升是引起南大西洋伸展、裂开与南美板块右时针旋转的动力来源;Tristan热点产生的Rio Grande-Walvis洋脊和由南往北剪刀式裂开,是包括坎波斯盆地在内的南大西洋中段盆地在陆内裂谷和陆间裂谷阶段封闭环境以及被动大陆边缘盆地早期阶段半封闭环境的主因,为裂谷层系优质烃源岩和过渡层系蒸发岩和漂移层系下部海相烃源岩的形成提供了条件;坎波斯盆地裂谷期断裂活动形成地堑、半地堑和掀斜断块,控制了盐下烃源岩、微生物碳酸盐岩储层和盐下圈闭的分布,过渡层系盐岩活动和盐底辟作用控制了盐下油气系统盐岩盖层的分布、盐下-盐上的油气运移通道形成和盐上浊积岩储层的展布。这些内在关系的揭示对被动大陆边缘油气成藏规律和控制因素分析以及油气勘探部署都有重要的参考价值。In order to explore the influence of tectonic activities on hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in Campos Basin in South America,the authors in this research investigated the dynamic background of basin formation,tectonism and sedimentation in different evolution stages,the development characteristics of source,reservoir and cover in different strata and their relationship with tectonism.And the controing effect of various structural activities on hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in Campos Basin during its evolution process was analyzed,including source rocks,reservoirs,cap rocks,traps,migration channels and oil and gas preservation.The results show that the uplift of Tristan mantle plume is the power source that causes the extension and splitting of South Atlantic Plate and the clockwise rotation of South American Plate.The Rio Grande-Walvis Ridge caused by Tristan hotspot and the scissor splitting from south to north is the main reasons for the closed-semi to closed environment of the middle South Atlantic Basin,including Campos Basin,in the stage of intracontinental rift and intercontinental rift,resulting in the formation of high-quality source rocks in rift strata,evaporite in transitional strata and marine source rocks in lower part of continental drift strata.The fault activities of Campos Basin in the rift period formed graben,semi-graben and tilting fault blocks,which controlled the distribution of subsalt source rocks,microbial carbonate reservoirs and oil and gas traps.The salt rock activities and salt diapir in the transitional layer system controlled the distribution of the salt caprock of subsalt oil and gas system,the formation of oil and gas migration channels from subsalt to upsalt and the distribution of turbidite reservoirs above salt.The revelation of these internal relations has certain reference value for the analysis of oil and gas accumulation law and controlling factors in passive continental margin and the deployment of oil and gas exploration.

关 键 词：坎波斯盆地 构造特征 构造活动 油气成藏条件 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学] P744.4[天文地球—地质学]