暖地杓兰种子繁育与栽培研究  

Seed Breeding and Cultivation of Cypripedium subtropicum

作　　者：华梅 蒋宏[1,2] 周彬 孔继君 HUA Mei;JIANG Hong;ZHOU Bin;KONG Jijun(Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;Key Laboratory for Conservation of Rare,Endangered&Endemic Forest Plants,State Forestry Administration,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Exploitation of Forest Plants,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]云南省林业和草原科学院,云南昆明650201 [2]国家林业和草原局云南珍稀濒特森林植物保护和繁育重点实验室/云南省森林植物培育与开发利用重点实验室,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2023年第4期123-128,共6页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32260256);云南省林业和草原科学院重点实验室基金(KFJJ22-03);科技基础资源调查专项专题(2021FY100205-1、2021FY100202-1);云南省重点研发计划社会发展专项专题(202103AC100003-2-1)。

摘　　要：以暖地杓兰成熟未裂开的果荚作为试验材料,采用非共生萌发方法对暖地杓兰种子进行萌发培养,观察统计暖地杓兰种子萌发的时间及萌发率,筛选适合暖地杓兰种子萌发的培养基及培养方法。同时在获得的暖地杓兰无菌苗的基础上,筛选适合暖地杓兰幼苗栽培的基质及方法。结果显示:(1)在改良Norstog培养基中暗培养4个月后,种子开始陆续萌发,种子的萌发率为31.21%。添加6-(γ,γ-二甲基烯丙基氨基)嘌呤(2iP),能提高暖地杓兰种子的萌发率(38.74%)且原球茎未褐化。(2)暖地杓兰种子萌发成原球茎后,先分化出根,在继代培养基中根长大长粗,并进一步分化出芽点;经过继代培养后根长到10 cm左右,具2~3条根时即可进行炼苗处理,炼苗后的根茎苗洗净杀菌后避光放入4℃冰箱进行春化处理3~4个月,之后再进行栽培能明显地提高苗的成活率。(3)在体积比为1︰1的泥炭土和兰石混合基质中栽培120 d后,芽点进一步长大,并舒展长出叶片,成活率在90%以上。结果表明:在改良Norstog培养基(含2iP)中暖地杓兰种子能成功萌发长成根茎苗,原球茎及苗均未出现褐化,出瓶苗春化后能顺利长大,最终能实现回归到原生境中使种群得以复壮。Using the mature and unripe fruit pods of Cypripedium subtropicum as experimental materials,non symbiotic germination methods were used to germinate and cultivate the seeds of C.subtropicum.The germination time and germination rate were observed and statistically analyzed,and suitable culture media and methods were selected for the germination of C.subtropicum.At the same time,based on the obtained aseptic seedlings of C.subtropicum,select suitable substrates and methods for the cultivation of C.subtropicum seedlings.The results indicate that after 4 months of dark culture in the modified Norstog medium,the seeds began to germinate in succession,and the germination rate of the seeds was 31.21%.Add 6-(γ,γ-Dimethylallylamino)purine(2iP)can improve the germination rate(38.74%)of the seeds of C.subtropicum and the protocorm is not brown.After germination into protocorms,C.subtropicum first differentiated into roots,which grew and grew thick in subculture medium,and further differentiated into bud points.After subculture,when the root length is about 10 cm and there are 2-3 roots,the seedling can be refined.After washing and sterilizing the root and stem seedlings,put them into a refrigerator at 4℃for vernalization for 3-4 months,and then carry out cultivation,which can significantly improve the survival rate of the seedlings.After 120 days of cultivation in the mixed medium of peat soil and bluestone with a volume ratio of 1︰1,the bud points further grow and stretch out leaves,with a survival rate of more than 90%.In the improved Norstog medium(including 2iP),the seeds of C.subtropicum can successfully germinate and grow into rhizome seedlings.The protocorms and seedlings do not appear browning,and the seedlings can grow up smoothly after vernalization,and finally can return to the original habitat to rejuvenate the population.

关 键 词：暖地杓兰 非共生萌发 繁育与栽培 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]