芽变黄叶银杏光合和叶绿素荧光特性  

Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Gold-coloured Mutant Leaves of Ginkgo biloba

作　　者：薛芳婷 刘新亮 刘玉华[3] 余鹏飞 郁万文[1] XUE Fangting;LIU Xinliang;LIU Yuhua;YU Pengfei;YU Wanwen(Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210037,P.R.China;National Forestry Grassland Camphor Tree Engineering Technology Research Center,Jiangxi Academy of Forestry,Nanchang Jianxi 330032,P.R.China;School of Landscape Architecture,Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry,Jurong Jiangsu 212499,P.R.China;Suining Runqi Investment Co.,Ltd.,Suining Jiangsu 221200,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [2]江西省林业科学院国家林业草原樟树工程技术研究中心,江西南昌330032 [3]江苏农林职业技术学院现代林业技术创新研究院,江苏句容212499 [4]睢宁县润企投资有限公司,江苏睢宁221200

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2023年第4期129-136,共8页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“叶和外种皮用银杏高效培育与综合利用关键技术研究”(2017YFD0600701)。

摘　　要：为探究芽变黄叶银杏与普通银杏的光合生理特性,以芽变黄叶银杏母株在3个发育时期的黄叶和绿叶为材料,研究叶中色素含量、叶片结构、光合和叶绿素荧光特性的差异性及动态变化。结果显示:(1)3个时期芽变黄叶银杏叶中,叶绿素a、b和叶绿素含量均显著低于绿叶;4月黄叶类胡萝卜素(Car)含量与绿叶差异不显著,而5月和8月的Car含量极显著高于绿叶;3个时期黄叶的Chla/b、Car/Chl极显著高于绿叶,黄化银杏呈现黄色的主要原因是由于叶绿素含量及其所占比例显著降低,与类胡萝卜素含量关系不大。(2)随着叶片发育,黄叶中Chla、Chlb、Chl含量升高,Chla/b、Car/Chl降低,叶绿体结构逐渐完善,出现返绿现象。(3)4月黄叶叶绿体结构的发育滞后、8月过早解体分别导致相应时期光合能力较弱,而5月叶绿体结构的完善导致其较强的光合能力。(4)黄叶的Fo、Fo′、Fm、Fm′、Fs和ETR较低,表明其捕光能力较弱,电子传递速率较低;4月具有较高的热耗散水平和较高的原初光能转换效率。研究结果表明,芽变黄叶银杏叶极低的叶绿素含量及其占比和叶绿体发育异常是其黄化呈色的物质和结构基础,同时降低了光合能力、光能吸收与捕获能力以及电子传递速率,提高了热耗散水平和原初光能转换效率。To explore the photosynthetic physiological characteristics of bud variegated yellow Ginkgo biloba compared to regular G.biloba,we studied the differences and dynamic changes in pigment content,leaf structure,photosynthesis,and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics using yellow and green leaves from bud variegated G.biloba mother plants at three developmental stages.The results showed the following:(1)In bud variegated G.biloba leaves at all three stages,the contents of chlorophyll a,b,and total chlorophyll were significantly lower than in green leaves.In April,the difference in carotenoid(Car)content between yellow and green leaves was not significant,while in May and August,the Car content was significantly higher in yellow leaves than in green leaves.The Chla/b and Car/Chl ratios were significantly higher in yellow leaves than in green leaves at all three stages.The main reason for the yellow coloration of variegated G.biloba is the significant reduction in chlorophyll content and its proportion,rather than carotenoid content.(2)With leaf development,the contents of Chla,Chlb,and total chlorophyll increased,while the Chla/b and Car/Chl ratios decreased in yellow leaves,indicating a gradual improvement in chloroplast structure and a phenomenon of re-greening.(3)Delayed chloroplast development in April and premature disintegration in August resulted in relatively weak photosynthetic capacity during the respective periods,while the improved chloroplast structure in May led to stronger photosynthetic capacity.(4)Yellow leaves showed lower values of Fo,Fo′,Fm,Fm′,Fs,and ETR,indicating weaker light-capturing ability and lower electron transfer rates.In April,higher levels of thermal dissipation and initial light energy conversion efficiency were observed.Overall,the results of this study demonstrate that the extremely low chlorophyll content and its proportion,as well as abnormal chloroplast development,serve as the material and structural basis for the yellow coloration of bud variegated G.biloba.These facto

关 键 词：银杏 黄化突变体 光合特性 叶绿素荧光 

分 类 号：S792.95[农业科学—林木遗传育种]