氮肥后移对优质稻井冈软粘产量及品质的影响  

Effect of Postponing Nitrogen Application on Yield and Quality of High Quality Rice Jinggang Soft Clay

作　　者：冯延聪 文春燕 朱振华 陈金[1,5] 陈先茂[1,5] 刘文安 邱才飞[1,5] FENG Yancong;WENG Chunyan;ZHU Zhenghua;CHENG Jin;CHENG Xianmao;LIU Wen’an;QIU Caifei(Institute of Soil Fertilizer&Resource Environment,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China;College of Horticulture South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510610,China;Institute of Rice,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China;School of Agricultural Science Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Jinggangshan Institute of Red Soil/Branch of Jinggangshan,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinggangshan,Jiangxi 330200,China;Ji’an Crop Farm,Ji’an,Jiangxi 343229,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,江西南昌330200 [2]华南农业大学园艺学院,广东广州510610 [3]江西省农业科学院水稻研究所,江西南昌330299 [4]江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌330045 [5]井冈山红壤研究所/江西省农业科学院井冈山分院,江西吉安343016 [6]吉安市农作物良种场,江西吉安343229

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2023年第4期830-840,共11页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060431)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究优质稻井冈软粘施氮后移对其生长、产量及稻米品质的影响,明确其最佳基蘖肥与穗粒肥的施用比例。【方法】于2021年在井冈山国家农业科技园设置大田试验,在总施氮量(TN)180 kg/hm^(2)的基础上,按基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥∶粒肥施用比例设置4种施肥方案(N1=10∶0∶0∶0、N2=5∶5∶0∶0、N3=5∶3∶2∶0、N4=5∶2∶2∶1),以不施用氮肥为对照(CK),共5个处理。采集井冈软粘的生长性状、产量及稻米品质等数据,测定其分蘖期、拔节期、齐穗期和成熟期的茎蘖数、叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、叶面积系数(LAI)和干物质含量,并分析成熟期水稻品质、产量及其构成、植株茎叶穗的含氮素量、总氮素吸收量及其氮素利用效率等。【结果】前两个生长时期茎蘖数最高是N2处理,而后两个生长时期的最高茎蘖数为N3处理;前3个水稻发育时期的SPAD值差异不大,成熟期表现为N3处理最高。总干物质含量变化与产量变化表现一致。总产上N4>N1>CK,最高值N4处理分别高出N1处理和CK9.34%、73.09%;氮肥后移对井冈软粘的外观品质和加工品质的影响较小,但处理间稻米直链淀粉、粗蛋白和出糙率间有显著水平差异,N4处理比CK按顺序分别高出2.75%、1.10%、1.56%,施氮处理的直链淀粉和粗蛋白区间为13.0%~15.0%、10.17%~10.57%,表明不同氮肥运筹对井冈软粘的米质影响较小。此外,水稻各生长时期的氮肥利用率和含氮量表现为从N1处理到N4处理依次增加,最高值N4处理的氮肥利用效率较N1处理提高了11.06%。【结论】上述结果表明在TN180 kg/hm^(2)条件下,优质常规稻井冈软粘的最适宜氮肥施用方式为基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥∶粒肥为5∶2∶2∶1。[Objective]This study explored the influence of different nitrogen application to the growth,yield and rice quality of Jinggang Soft-clay high-quality rice,and determine the optimal application ratio of basal tiller fertilizer to panicle fertilizer.[Method]A field experiment was conducted in Jinggangshan National Agricultural Science and Technology Park in 2021.Based on the total nitrogen application rate(TN)of 180 kg/hm^(2),four fertilization schemes were set according to the application ratio of base fertilizer∶tiller fertilizer∶spike fertilizer∶grain fertilizer(N1=10∶0∶0∶0,N2=5∶5∶0∶0,N3=5∶3∶2∶0,N4=5∶2∶2∶1).The data of growth traits,yield and rice quality of Jinggang Soft Sticky were collected,and the tiller number,chlorophyll content(SPAD value),leaf area index(LAI)and dry matter content at tillering stage,jointing stage,full heading stage and maturity stage were determined.The rice quality,yield and its components at maturity stage,nitrogen content in plant stems and leaves,total nitrogen absorption and nitrogen utilization efficiency were analyzed.[Result]N2 treatment produces the highest tiller number in the first two growth stages,while N3 treatment produces and the highest tiller number in the last two growth stages.The SPAD values of the first three rice development stages had little difference,and the highest value was in the N3 treatment at the mature stage.The change of total dry matter content was consistent with the change of yield.The total yield of N4>N1>CK,and the highest value N4 treatment was 9.34%and 73.09%higher than N1 treatment and CK respectively.The postponed application of nitrogen fertilizer had little effect on the appearance quality and processing quality of Jinggang soft-sticky rice,but there were significant horizontal differences among the treatments.The amylose,crude protein and roughness of rice treated with N4 were 2.75%,1.10%and 1.56%higher than CK respectively,and the ranges of amylose and crude protein treated with nitrogen fertilizer were 13.0%-

关 键 词：井冈软粘 产量 稻米品质 氮肥运筹 氮素效率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]