聚天冬氨酸对蒲公英干旱胁迫的缓解效应  

Alleviation of Polyaspartic Acid on Dandelion(Taraxacum mongolicum)under Drought Stress

作　　者：吴照祥 刘巧丽 钟永达[1,2] 李辉虎 王富强 余发新 WU Zhaoxiang;LIU Qiaoli;ZHONG Yongda;LI Huihu;WANG Fuqiang;YU Faxin(Institute of Biological Resources,Jiangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanchang 330096,China;Engineering Research Center of Genetic Improvement and Cultivation of Native Precious Broad-leaved Tree Species of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330096,China;Yichun Academy of Sciences,Yichun,Jiangxi 336099,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省科学院生物资源研究所,江西南昌330096 [2]江西省乡土珍贵阔叶树种遗传改良与培育工程研究中心,江西南昌330096 [3]宜春市科学院,江西宜春336099

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2023年第4期866-874,共9页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960230)。

摘　　要：【目的】干旱胁迫是制约药用植物产量和品质提高的关键限制因子之一,而环境友好型高分子聚合物聚天冬氨酸在农业上作为肥料增效剂得到广泛应用。研究聚天冬氨酸对药用植物阶段性干旱胁迫的缓解效应,为聚天冬氨酸在中药材规模化人工种植上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】选择蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum H.-M.)为试验材料,采用室内模拟盆栽试验,以60%最大田间持水量(WHC)为对照(60%WHC,CK),研究聚天冬氨酸对不同干旱程度(轻度干旱:45%WHC,L和重度干旱:30%WHC,H)条件下蒲公英生长、干物质积累、生理特征以及活性功效成分浓度的影响。【结果】不同程度的干旱胁迫均显著抑制蒲公英的生长,降低其地上部和根系生物量,而聚天冬氨酸对干旱胁迫条件下蒲公英生长抑制有明显的缓解作用,但是差异没有达到显著水平。聚天冬氨酸对干旱胁迫条件下蒲公英叶片光合色素浓度有明显的提升作用,特别是叶绿素a在轻度干旱处理显著增加13.99%,进而增加蒲公英地上部可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白浓度。聚天冬氨酸还显著提高干旱胁迫条件下蒲公英地上部P元素17.10%~20.04%,K元素23.76%~32.65%。干旱胁迫显著降低蒲公英地上部总黄酮浓度,而聚天冬氨酸明显缓解干旱条件下蒲公英地上部总黄酮浓度的降低,但是仅在轻度干旱(45%WHC)胁迫条件下差异显著,显著增加167.15%。【结论】聚天冬氨酸作为一种环境友好型高分子聚合物,可以有效缓解干旱对蒲公英生长的胁迫效应,增强矿质养分吸收和光合作用,促进轻度干旱(45%WHC)胁迫条件下总黄酮的积累,在中药材的人工种植过程具有较大的应用潜力。[Objective]Drought stress is a key limiting factors restricting the improvement of the yield and quality of medicinal plants,Polyaspartic acid(PASP),which is an environmentally friendly polymer,is widely used in agriculture as a fertilizer synergist.Mitigation of PASP on medicinal plants under staged drought stress was studied to provide theoretical basis for the application of PASP in large-scale planting of medicinal plants.[Method]Taraxacum mongolicum H.-M.was used as experimental materials,pot experiments under controlled condition were conducted in greenhouse.Soil moisture with 60%maximum field capacity(WHC)was set as the control(60%WHC,CK),the experiment was conducted to study the effects of PASP on the T.mongolicum growth,dry matter accumulation,physiological characteristics and active ingredient concentration under different degrees of drought conditions(light drought,45%WHC,L and heavy drought,30%WHC,H).[Result]All different degrees of drought stress inhibited the growth of T.mongolicum by reducing the biomass of shoot and root.PASP played an alleviating effect on the growth inhibition caused by the drought stress,but this effect was not significance.PASP improved the photosynthetic pigment concentration in leaf of T.mongolicum under drought stress,especially increased significantly chlorophyll a concentration under light drought condition by 13.99%.In addition,the concentration of soluble sugar and soluble protein in the aboveground part of dandelion was increased.Furthermore,PASP also significantly raised the concentration of P by 17.10%-20.04%and K by 23.76%-32.65%in shoot of T.mongolicum under drought condition.Lastly,drought stress decreased the total flavonoids concentration in shoot of T.mongolicum,and PASP prevented the decline.PASP increased significantly the total flavonoids concentration in shoot of T.mongolicum under light drought condition(45%WHC)by 167.15%.[Conclusion]Polyaspartic acid,as an environmentally friendly polymer,alleviated the growth inhibition of T.mongolicum under drought stre

关 键 词：药食同源植物 蒲公英 聚天冬氨酸 水分胁迫 总黄酮 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]