江西10个主栽油茶品种花器特性与结实率研究  

Floral Organ Characteristics and Fruiting Rate of 10 Main Camellia oleifera Varieties in Jiangxi Province

作　　者：程钦华 徐奥文 任志华 程离 陈晓 张运煜 刘娟[1] 左静 胡冬南[1] CHENG Qinhua;XU Aowen;REN Zhihua;CHENG Li;CHEN Xiao;ZHANG Yunyu;LIU Juan;ZUO Jing;HU Dongnan(Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture/College of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Jiangxi Yugan County Forestry Bureau,Yugan,Jiangxi 335100,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学林学院/江西省森林培育重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [2]江西省余干县林业局,江西余干335100

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2023年第4期905-914,共10页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060362);江西省林业局油茶研究专项(JXYCZX[2023]121)。

摘　　要：【目的】油茶(Camellia oleifera Abel.)作为江西省重要的经济林树种,而目前存在于各个油茶林地内的品种不一,同时也导致油茶在实际生产上还存在着结实不一的问题,为深入了解不同油茶品种结实方面的特性,优化不同油茶品种的种植配置,进而提高产量。【方法】以江西省主栽的10个油茶品种为研究对象,在相同的立地条件下对这些品种的花器生物学特性和结实能力进行跟踪调查测定,并分析了这些油茶品种的花粉萌发率、柱头可授性、花器形态特征及它们在自然授粉结实方面的特性。【结果】通过研究发现,不同品种的花粉和柱头活力存在着在不同程度的差异,大部分品种的花粉在离体24 h后活力便开始下降,在72 h后花粉活力保持在50%以上的只有赣无2、赣无11、赣石84-8和赣永5这4个品种,说明这4个品种的花粉具有保存更长时间的能力,长林18虽在开始时萌发率最高,但72 h后降到最低;在柱头活力上,10个品种均呈现先升后降的趋势,在培养3 d后柱头可授性都达到峰值,其中最高的为赣永5,最低的为赣无2。不同品种的花器形态特征也存在很大差异,10个品种中,长林4的花朵最小,长林18的最大;10个品种的花丝均长于柱头,花丝长度为柱头的1.5倍左右,而柱头分裂数都较为一致的3个。赣永5的自然授粉结实率最高,长林18的最低。花器各性状中,花丝长度、柱头分裂数与结实率极显著相关、离体72 h后的花粉活力与结实率显著负相关。【结论】10个品种花粉中能相对保存更久的为赣无2、赣无11、赣石84-8和赣永5这4个品种,人工辅助授粉的柱头活力在开花后第3天最佳;长林18的花最大,更易吸引昆虫来授粉,10个品种的雄蕊均高于雌蕊,与结实相关的花器性状也仅有花丝长度、柱头裂数及72 h的花粉活力,而深入研究这些结实特性可为油茶在种植生产上品种配置提供一定的理论基[Objective]As an important economic forest species in Jiangxi Province,Camellia oleifera Abel.of different varieties exists in Camellia oleifera forest lands with different fruiting rates.By exploring the characteristics of different Camellia oleifera varieties,this study aims to optimize the planting configuration of different Camellia oleifera varieties,thus increasing the yield.[Method]10 Camellia oleifera varieties mainly cultivated in Jiangxi Province were chosen as the research objects,the biological characteristics and fruiting ability of these cultivars were tracked and measured under the same site conditions,and the pollen germination rate,stigma receptivity,floral organ characteristics and their features of natural pollination and fruiting were analyzed.[Result]This study found that different varieties have different degrees of pollen and stigma vitality,the pollen of most varieties began to decline after 24 h of isolation.Only four varieties,Ganwu 2,Ganwu 11,Ganshi 84-8 and Ganyong 5,maintained more than 50%of pollen activity after 72 h,which also showed that the pollen of these four varieties could be preserved for a longer time.Changlin 18 had the highest germination rate at the beginning,then the rate dropped to the lowest level after 72 h.In terms of stigma vitality,all the 10 varieties showed a trend of rising initially and then decreasing,and the stigma receptivity reached a peak after 3 days of cultivation,the variety with the highest stigma receptivity was Ganyong 5 and the variety with the lowest was Ganwu 2.Among the 10 varieties,Changlin 4 had the smallest flowers and Changlin 18 had the largest;the filaments of the 10 varieties was longer than the stigma,the filigree length was about 1.5 times that of the stigma,and the number of stigma splits was three,which was relatively consistent among the varieties.The fruiting rate based on natural pollination is the highest in Ganyong 5 and the lowest in Changlin 18.Among the traits of floral organs,filigree length and stigma splitting number were s

关 键 词：油茶 花粉萌发率 柱头活力 花器形态 自然授粉结实率 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]