氮肥有机替代对橡胶树苗期养分吸收及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Replacement of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Nutrient Uptake and Soil Fertility of Rubber Trees at Seedling Stage

作　　者：梁泳怡 王晶晶[1] 吴炳孙[2,3] 林晓燕 程琦雯 何雨可 李佳乐 徐文娴 LIANG Yongyi;WANG Jingjing;WU Bingsun;LIN Xiaoyan;CHENG Qiwen;HE Yuke;LI Jiale;XU Wenxian(School of Forestry,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Institute of Rubber,China Academy of Tropical Agriculture,Haikou 571101,China;Key Laboratory of Rubber Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation and Physiology of Tropical Crops/Danzhou Investigation&Experiment Station of Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China;School of Ecological and Environmental Science,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学林学院,海南海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南海口571101 [3]农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地——海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室/农业农村部儋州热带作物科学观测实验站,海南儋州571737 [4]海南大学生态与环境学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2023年第4期915-930,共16页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(320RC486);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201105)。

摘　　要：【目的】为明确有机肥替代化学氮肥对橡胶树苗期养分吸收及土壤肥力的影响。【方法】采用盆栽试验,以6月龄热研‘7-33-97’品系橡胶幼苗为材料,采用等氮替换方案设置5个施肥处理:100%化学氮肥(N)和有机肥分别替代25%、50%、75%和100%化学氮肥(25%M、50%M、75%M和100%M),研究不同处理橡胶树苗对养分的吸收、利用及分配特征和土壤肥力的影响。【结果】与N处理相比,有机肥替代化学氮肥处理均显著提高橡胶幼苗地上和地下部氮磷钾素养分积累量及养分利用效率,其中75%M处理的养分积累量和利用效率(表观利用率、偏生产力和农学利用效率等指标)最大;此外,有机肥替代化学氮肥处理还显著增加橡胶树苗总生物量,地上和地下部分生物量分别增加162%~352%和76%~210%,其中75%M处理的总生物量最大,根冠比显著下降35%~57%(P<0.05)。与N处理相比,有机肥替代化学氮肥处理的土壤有机质含量显著升高46%~157%(P<0.05);土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量有所降低;土壤pH值均显著升高,维持在5.29~6.11(P<0.05)。结构方程模型(SEM)分析表明,有机肥替代化学氮肥主要通过增加土壤有机质来保障土壤养分的供应,进而影响橡胶树在苗期的养分吸收量和生物量(P<0.05)。【结论】有机肥替代化学氮肥能显著提高橡胶幼苗的养分利用效率和土壤有机质含量,促进橡胶树苗生长,以有机肥替代75%化学氮肥处理效果最优,这为橡胶树苗期科学施肥提供了参考。[Objective]The experiment is expected to clarify the effects of organic fertilizer replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer on nutrient accumulation and utilization,and soil fertility of rubber seedlings,thus providing a theoretical and practical basis for scientifically and rationally fertilization for the growth of rubber trees at seedling stage.[Method]Pot experiments were conducted and rubber seedlings of line Reyan‘7-33-97’were cultivated under five treatments:100%application of chemical fertilizer(N),and organic fertilizer replacing 25%,50%,75%and 100%chemical fertilizer(25%M,50%M,75%M,100%M)respectively.The effects of different treatments of rubber tree seedlings on nutrient absorption,utilization and distribution characteristics and soil fertility were studied.[Result](1)compared with the N treatment,the organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer treatments significantly increased the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients and use efficiency of rubber seedlings above and below the ground,with the 75%M treatment having the best effect(P<0.05),and its nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient accumulation and nutrient use efficiency(recovery efficiency,partial productivity,agronomy efficiency and other indicators)were the highest.(2)The organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer treatment significantly increased the total biomass of rubber seedlings,the above-ground and under-ground biomass increased by 162%-352%and 76%-210%,respectively,with 75%M had the highest total biomass and the best treatment effect,and the root top ratio significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the N treatment,the soil organic matter content under the organic fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer treatment significantly increased by 46%-157%;the soil ammonium and nitrate contents decreased with different degrees.Soil pH was significantly higher and maintained at 5.29-6.11(P<0.05).(4)Structural equation modeling(SEM)analysis showed that organic fertilizer replacing chemical nitrogen fert

关 键 词：橡胶树 有机肥替代化学氮肥 养分积累 养分利用效率 土壤肥力 结构方程模型 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学] S143[农业科学—农业基础科学] S141