组合调理剂对南方低丘新垦耕地肥力质量提升效果研究  

Effect of Combined Conditioner on Improving Fertility Quality of Newly Cultivated Land in Southern Low Hills

作　　者：丁志峰 陈宇航 徐秋桐[1] 章明奎[1] DING Zhifeng;CHEN Yuhang;XU Qiutong;ZHANG Mingkui(College of Environmental and Resource Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2023年第4期994-1005,共12页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研究攻关计划项目(2022C02036);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42271047)。

摘　　要：【目的】南方丘陵地区新垦耕地普遍存在有机质偏低、结构不良、氮磷钾等养分不足及水肥气热不协调等问题,采用单一调理剂难以全面改善其肥力质量。【方法】以浙江省衢州市新耕的低丘红砂田和黄筋泥田(分别代表砂质和黏质土壤)为例,采用矿物(膨润土、硅藻土)、结构调理剂(聚丙烯酰胺)、有机物料(生物质炭、泥炭、商品有机肥)和石灰石粉等多种调理剂组合,通过田间小区试验探讨利用组合调理剂对南方低丘新造耕地土壤肥力的综合改良效果。【结果】与不施用调理剂的对照比较,矿物、结构调理剂、有机物料和石灰石粉等不同调理剂组合均有助于新造耕地土壤肥力质量的提高,但不同组合方式对耕地土壤肥力因素的影响也有较大的差异。矿物材料和结构调理剂主要改善了土壤物理性状,降低土壤容重,提高土壤中水稳定性团聚体的数量和饱和持水量,增加土壤的透水性;其中,膨润土的施用还可明显增加了红砂田的CEC,硅藻土的施用轻微降低了黄筋泥田的CEC。生物质炭、泥炭、商品有机肥等3类有机物料对改善土壤性状有明显的差异,降低土壤容重与增加土壤有机碳和饱和导水率的效果由高到低依次为:生物质炭、泥炭、商品有机肥,但高量施用生物质炭或泥炭可能会对土壤有机碳的品质产生负影响(降低了腐殖质碳占有机碳的比例)。提高土壤水稳定性团聚体与增加土壤全磷、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷的效果由高到低依次为:商品有机肥、生物质炭、泥炭;提高土壤饱和持水量的效果以泥炭为最佳,其次为生物质炭。施用生物质炭和泥炭对增加红砂田CEC的效果好于施用商品有机肥。另外,石灰石粉和生物质炭的施用可明显提高土壤pH值;石灰的施用可在一定程度上提高土壤保肥性,轻微增加红砂田的导水率和改善土壤养分的有效性。土壤改良的经�[Objective]There are many deficiencies in newly reclaimed red soil farmland,such as low organic matter,poor structure,insufficient nutrients and uncoordinated water,fertilizer,gas and heat.It is difficult to improve the fertility quality of newly reclaimed red soil farmland comprehensively by using a single conditioner.[Method]Taking the newly cultivated paddy field on red sandstone soil and paddy field on quaternary red soil(representing sandy soil and clayey soil,respectively)in low hilly region as examples,this study adopts minerals(bentonite,diatomite),structural improvers(polyacrylamide),organic materials(biomass charcoal,peat,commercial organic fertilizer)and limestone powder as a combination of conditioners and a field plot experiment was conducted to investigate the comprehensive improvement effect of different compound conditioners on the fertility indexes of newly cultivated red soil.[Result]Compared with the non-application of conditioners,different combinations of conditioners,such as minerals,structural modifiers,organic materials and limestone powder,were helpful to improve the fertility quality of newly reclaimed red soils,but the effects of the different combinations on the fertility of the cultivated land were different.In general,the application of minerals and structural conditioners was mainly to improve soil physical properties,reduce soil bulk density,increase the number of water-stable aggregates and saturated water holding capacity,and increase soil water permeability.The application of bentonite could increase the CEC of paddy field on red sandstone soil,and the application of diatomite could slightly reduce the CEC of paddy field on quaternary red soil.Biomass charcoal,peat,commercial organic fertilizer and other three kinds of organic materials were significantly different in improving soil properties.The effects of reducing soil bulk density and increasing soil organic carbon and saturated water conductivity decreased in the order of biomass carbon>peat>commercial organic fertilizer,bu

关 键 词：新垦低丘耕地 复合调理剂 矿物材料 结构调理剂 有机物料 石灰石粉 肥沃耕层 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学]