规模化猪场不同饲料、粪污及废水处理过程中抗生素和重金属的残留特征  

Residual Characteristics of Antibiotics and Heavy Metals in Different Treatment Processes of Feed,Manure and Wastewater Large-scale Pig Farms

作　　者：吴永明[1,2] 涂勋 李坊飞 李昆[1] 朱林 刘亚军 李荣富 邓觅[1,2] WU Yongming;TU Xun;LI Fangfei;LI Kun;ZHU Lin;LIU Yajun;LI Rongfu;DENG Mi(Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization of Ministry of Education,School of Resources&Environment,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,China;Institute of Microbiology,Jiangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanchang 330096,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学资源与环境学院/鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330031 [2]江西省科学院微生物研究所,江西南昌330096

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2023年第4期1017-1026,共10页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31860154);江西省科技计划项目(20212BCD42014,20213AAG01012,20212BBG71002)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究猪场不同环境介质中抗生素和重金属的残留特征。【方法】选取江西某规模化养猪场不同发育时期(妊娠期、育肥期、哺乳期、乳小期和保育期)饲料及对应粪污,以及猪场不同处理阶段(固液分离、USR、沼气池、调节池、BCO、SBBR、BAF、一级湿地和二级湿地)废水,采用液相色谱质谱法、火焰原子吸收光度法和原子荧光光度法对4种抗生素(金霉素、土霉素、四环素和青霉素)和4种重金属(Cu、Zn、Cr和As)进行测定。【结果】饲料和粪污含有的抗生素主要为金霉素和土霉素,金霉素在育肥饲料和乳小猪粪中含量较高,分别达0.167 mg/kg和0.8333 mg/kg,土霉素则表现为在育肥饲料和哺乳猪粪中含量较高,分别达0.0923 mg/kg和1.746 mg/kg;粪便中四环素含量在生猪各生长时期中无明显差别,平均含量达0.047 mg/kg,且仅在保育猪尿中检测到青霉素存在,含量为487.4629μg/L;饲料和粪污中重金属含量由高到低依次为Zn,Cu,Cr,As,其中饲料以保育时期的Zn含量最高,达2343.6 mg/kg,同时表现出各发育时期粪污中Zn含量均较高现象,且以保育猪粪和乳小猪尿含量最高,分别达6376 mg/kg和25261.5μg/L,而Cu在妊娠期的猪粪含量最高(354.5 mg/kg),As则在保育期猪尿中有较高检出(104.97μg/L);猪场废水处理工艺能有效去除抗生素和重金属,经一级湿地处理后Cu和Zn去除率可达89.7%和97.0%,而废水处理各构筑物污泥中也存在重金属且浓度由高到低均为Zn,Cu,Cr,As。【结论】规模化猪场的饲料和粪污(粪便、猪尿)普遍存在抗生素和重金属,且抗生素中金霉素和土霉素与重金属中Cu和Zn是猪场残留的主要高风险污染物,进入环境中有一定的生态风险,因此需严格控制其在猪场饲料中的添加,减少猪场粪污作为肥料带来的危害,降低猪场排污对生态环境的影响。[Objective]In order to understand the residual characteristics of antibiotics and heavy metals in different environmental media of pig farms[.Method]Feeds and corresponding manure from different developmental periods(gestation,fattening,suckling,lactation and nursing)and wastewater from different treatment stages(solidliquid separation,USR,digester,regulator,BCO,SBBR,BAF,primary wetland and secondary wetland)of a largescale pig farm in Jiangxi was selected.Four antibiotics(aureomycin,oxytetracycline,tetracycline and penicillin)and four heavy metals(Cu,Zn,Cr and As)were determined by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry,flame atomic absorption photometry and atomic fluorescence photometry[.Result]The antibiotics contained in feed and manure were mainly gentamycin and oxytetracycline,and the content of gentamycin was higher in fattening feed and lactating piglet manure,reaching 0.167 mg/kg and 0.8333 mg/kg,respectively,while oxytetracycline showed higher content in fattening feed and lactating piglet manure,reaching 0.0923 mg/kg and 1.746 mg/kg,respectively.The average content of tetracycline in manure was 0.047 mg/kg in each growth period,and the presence of penicillin was only detected in the urine of nursery pigs,with the content of 487.4629μg/L.The content of heavy metals in feed and manure was Zn>Cu>Cr>As,among which the highest content of Zn was found in nursery period,reaching 2343.6 mg/kg,while it showed that the content of Zn in manure was higher in each development period.The highest content of Zn in manure was found in the nursery period,and the highest content was found in the manure of nursery pigs and the urine of suckling piglets,reaching 6376 mg/kg and 25261.5μg/L,respectively,while the highest content of Cu was found in the manure of the gestation period(354.5 mg/kg)and the higher detection of As in the urine of nursery pigs(104.97μg/L);the pig farm wastewater treatment process could effectively remove antibiotics and heavy metals.The removal rates of Cu and Zn can reach 89.7%and 97.0%after t

关 键 词：猪场粪污 饲料 废水处理 抗生素 重金属 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]