近50a黑龙江省5—9月气象干旱及大气环流异常特征  

Meteorological drought and atmospheric circulation anomalies characteristics in Heilongjiang Province from May to September in recent 50 years

作　　者：王莹[1] 张舒[1] 徐永清[2] 阙粼婧 李新华 黄英伟[1] 陈雪 王蕾[1] WANG Ying;ZHANG Shu;XU Yongqing;QUE Linjing;LI Xinhua;HUANG Yingwei;CHEN Xue;WANG Lei(Heilongjiang Meteorological Service Center,Harbin 150030,China;Heilongjiang Climate Center,Harbin 150030,China;Beijing Jiutian Meteorological Technology Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省气象服务中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省气候中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [3]北京玖天气象科技有限公司,北京100191

出　　处：《干旱气象》2023年第4期540-549,共10页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：中国气象局气象能力提升联合研究专项(22NLTSY001);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2022D022);中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所联合开放基金项目(2021SYIAEKFMS10)共同资助。

摘　　要：黑龙江省是我国主要的粮食生产基地,研究该区域干旱气候特征对科学开展旱灾防御治理具有重要作用。基于1971—2020年农作物生长季(5—9月)黑龙江省80个国家气象站逐日气温、降水资料,计算黑龙江省逐日气象干旱综合指数(Meteorological Drought Composite Index,MCI),分析黑龙江省中旱、重旱、特旱日数时空分布特征,进一步对比分析典型干旱、湿润年的环流特征。结果表明:1971—2020年5—9月,黑龙江省大兴安岭南部、松嫩平原西部是干旱多发区;干旱日数月际空间分布西多东少、中部腹地局部偏多;中旱、重旱、特旱日数年代际特征明显且均呈减少趋势,中旱减少趋势最明显,变化速率为-1.7 d·(10 a)^(-1)。典型干旱年与典型湿润年的环流存在显著差异,典型干旱年,贝加尔湖以西地区受反气旋控制,黑龙江上空受西风带气流控制,盛行下沉气流,不利于冷暖空气交汇,水汽输送通道不明显,水汽难以到达黑龙江地区;典型湿润年情况则相反。Heilongjiang Province is the major grain production base in China,the study of drought climate characteristics in Heilongji⁃ang Province is of great importance for scientific prevention and management of drought disasters.Based on daily temperature and pre⁃cipitation data from 80 national meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province from May to September during 1971-2020,the daily meteorological drought composite index(MCI)of Heilongjiang Province was calculated,and the spatial and temporal distribution char⁃acteristics of drought,severe drought and extreme drought days in Heilongjiang Province were analyzed.At the same time,the circula⁃tion characteristics of typical dry and wet years were further analyzed.The results show that from May to September during 1971-2020,the southern part of the Greater Hinggan Mountains and the western part of Songnen Plain in Heilongjiang Province are drought-prone areas.The number of dry days is more in the west and some areas of the central hinterland and less in the east.The inter-decadal char⁃acteristics of medium drought,severe drought and extreme drought are obvious and show a decreasing trend.The decreasing trend of medium drought was the most obvious with a rate of-1.7 d·(10 a)^(-1).There are significant differences in circulation patterns between typical dry years and wet years.In typical dry years,the area west of Lake Baikal is controlled by anticyclones,while Heilongjiang is controlled by the westerly jet stream,resulting in prevailing descending airflow,which is not conducive to the intersection of cold and warm air,and the water vapor transport channel is not obvious,so water vapor is difficult to reach the Heilongjiang region.Conversely,in typical wet years,the situation is the opposite.

关 键 词：黑龙江省 气象干旱综合指数(MCI) 变化特征 大气环流 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]