黄土高塬沟壑区植被恢复方式对小流域土壤水分的影响  

Effects of vegetation restoration methods on soil moisture in the small basins of Loess Plateau gully region

作　　者：凤紫棋 孙文义 穆兴民[1,3] 高鹏[1,3] 赵广举[1,3] FENG Ziqi;SUN Wenyi;MU Xingmin;GAO Peng;ZHAO Guangju(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources,712100,Yangling,Shaanxi,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,100049,Beijing,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Northwest A&F University,712100,Yangling,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨陵712100 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2023年第4期1-10,共10页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“以水定植与水土流失控制目标下的植被斑块格局调控机制”(42177328)。

摘　　要：研究植被自然恢复和人工造林不同恢复方式下的土壤水分特性,对于揭示退耕还林(草)的长期水土保持生态效应具有重要的科学价值。本文基于黄土高塬沟壑区西峰水土保持科学试验站长达60多年的董庄沟(自然恢复草地)和杨家沟(人工造林)对比小流域,分析对比小流域土壤理化性质及土壤体积含水率的差异,阐明特定气候条件下植被自然恢复和人工造林2种不同植被恢复方式下流域的土壤持水能力。结果表明:(1)人工造林植被恢复方式下杨家沟小流域0~100 cm的土壤密度和土壤孔隙度分别是植被自然恢复的董庄沟的91.9%和1.1倍,土壤有机质质量分数和阳离子交换量分别高于董庄沟21.4%和22.6%,表层土壤理化性质未表现出差异性,不同植被恢复方式对持水能力的影响更多表现在深层土壤;(2)相同降雨条件下,董庄沟0~80 cm土层土壤体积含水率较降雨前平均增加8.85%,总量蓄水增加71.7 mm;杨家沟0~80 cm平均增加12.74%,总量蓄水增加102.1 mm;(3)董庄沟土壤体积含水率对降雨事件响应迅速,而杨家沟土壤水分随土层深度增加滞后现象明显。黄土高塬沟壑区西峰水土保持试验站经过60多年长期的植被恢复后,人工造林的杨家沟土壤持水能力要优于植被自然恢复的董庄沟。[Background]Large-scale vegetation restoration,especially afforestation,has intensified the evapotranspiration process,the deep soil of the Loess Plateau has dried up,and the runoff of the Yellow River has been reduced,and vegetation restoration has approached the threshold of water resources and vegetation carrying capacity.Vegetation restoration may significantly improve soil structure,increase soil water infiltration,and improve soil water holding and storage capacity,which in turn affects changes in basin yield,confluence,and sediment transport.This is of great significance in studying the soil moisture characteristics of natural vegetation restoration and artificial afforestation under specific climatic conditions for soil and water conservation.[Methods]Based on the comparison of soil physical and chemical properties and continuous high-resolution water dynamic monitoring,analysis of the water holding capacity and storage capacity of the soil in the Dongzhuanggou(DZG)small basin under natural restoration and the Yangjiagou(YJG)small basin under artificial afforestation.[Results](1)When comparing the DZG small basin with natural vegetation restoration,the soil bulk density and soil porosity of 0-100 cm in the YJG small basin under artificial afforestation and vegetation restorations was 91.9%and 1.1 times that of DZG,respectively.The organic matter content and cation exchange capacity were 21.4%and 22.6%higher than those of DZG,respectively.There was no difference in the physicochemical properties of the topsoil,and the effects of different vegetation restoration methods on the water holding capacity were more profound.(2)Under the same rainfall conditions,the soil moisture content of the DZG 0-80 cm soil layer increased by 8.85%on average,and the total water storage increased by 71.7 mm.YJG 0-80 cm increased by 12.74%on average,and the total water storage increased by 102.1 mm.(3)DZG s soil moisture content responds quickly to rainfall events,while YJG s soil moisture content lags behind the soil depth.[Con

关 键 词：植被恢复 土壤持水能力 土壤蓄水能力 黄土高塬沟壑区 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]