基于小时降水资料的贵州降水精细特征分析  

Precipitation Distribution in Guizhou Province Based on Hourly Rain-gauge Data

作　　者：罗乃兴 周林 李杨 倪雷 LUO Naixing;ZHOU Lin;LI Yang;NI Lei(Guiyang Meteorological Bureau,Guiyang 550002,China)

机构地区：[1]贵阳市气象局,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2023年第4期38-44,共7页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：国家科技部“科技助力经济2020”重点专项气象行业项目(KJZLJJ202009)。

摘　　要：利用2010—2019年贵州地区2 683个自动气象站逐时降水观测资料,结合地形特征分析了贵州降水的时空特征,并从平均雨强和降水概率方面进一步研究了贵州各季日内降水的精细化特征。结果表明:(1)贵州年降水时长和年降水量空间分布有所差异,位于大娄山脉北侧的遵义赤水和习水地区仅为降水时长的大值区;(2)四季降水时长分布受当季主要降水系统位置的影响,平均降水强度兼受地理条件的影响,偏向山脉的南麓;(3)在日内降水分布上,贵州四季都存在明显的夜雨现象,其中下半夜到凌晨(00—06时)降水发生概率更大且强度更强,其中心有明显自西向东传播的特征;(4)短时强降水主要出现在春夏季且向东传播明显,主要在夜间到早晨。Based on hourly precipitation observation data from 2 683 automatic weather stations in Guizhou province from 2010 to 2019,the refined annual and seasonal precipitation characteristics in Guizhou were analyzed.It shows that:(1)There are significant differences in the distributions between annual precipitation duration and precipitation.(2)The precipitation duration are dominated by the seasonal main precipitation systems,while the precipitation intensity are jointly affected by both the seasonal main precipitation systems and the terrain conditions,with the maximum precipitation intensity concentrate on the southern slope of mountains in Guizhou province.(3)There is an obvious phenomenon of night rain in all four seasons.The probability and intensity of the rainfall from late midnight to early morning are larger than that in other durations.(4)The short-term heavy rainfall mainly occurs at night in spring and summer.

关 键 词：小时降水 降水时长 短时强降水 夜雨 贵州 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]