青海省1961—2018年侵蚀性降水时空变化特征  

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Erosive Precipitation in Qinghai Province from 1961 to 2018

作　　者：霍金虎 向艳平 祁栋林[3] 高贵生 陈奇 HUO Jinhu;XIANG Yanping;QI Donglin;GAO Guisheng;CHEN Qi(Meteorological Bureau of Haibei Prefecture,Xihai 810299,China;Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,China;Institute of Qinghai Meteorological Science,Xining 810001,China)

机构地区：[1]海北州气象局,青海西海810299 [2]青海省防灾减灾重点实验室,青海西宁810001 [3]青海省气象科学研究所,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2023年第4期87-94,共8页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(41861049);青海省科技厅重点研发与转化计划(2021-SF-141)。

摘　　要：利用青海省1961—2018年41个气象站点逐日降水数据,统计逐年降水量(日数)、侵蚀性降水量(日数),分析青海省降水和侵蚀性降水的时空分布特征。结果表明:青海省年降水量、降水日数、侵蚀性降水量、侵蚀性降水日数之间呈显著的幂函数关系,空间分布均从东南向西北逐步减少。三江源地区年降水量最高,为469.3 mm,柴达木盆地最低,为99.4 mm;侵蚀性降水量柴达木盆地最低,为25.1 mm,东部农业区最高,为155.5 mm。1961—2018年青海省年降水量和侵蚀性降水量分别以8.1、4.7 mm/10 a的速率增加,年降水日数表现为不显著的减少趋势,侵蚀性降水日数呈显著的增加趋势,变化速率分别为-0.5、0.2 d/10 a。侵蚀性降水量和侵蚀性降水日数突变分别发生在2004和2001年,突变后侵蚀性降水量和降水日数较突变前分别增加22.4 mm和0.7 d。1961—2018年青海省侵蚀性降水量和侵蚀性降水日数的贡献率平均为32.7%和6.5%,并分别以0.59%和0.21%呈显著增加趋势。Based on the daily precipitation data of 41 meteorological stations in Qinghai province from1961 to 2018,the annual precipitation(days),and erosive annual precipitation(days)are counted by using conventional statistical methods to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of precipitation and erosive precipitation in Qinghai province.The results show that there is a significant power function relationship among annual precipitation,precipitation days,erosive precipitation and erosive precipitation days in Qinghai province,and spatially decreased gradually from southeast to northwest.From the distribution in four ecological functional areas,the annual precipitation in the three rivers source region is the highest(469.3 mm);Qaidam Basin is the lowest in the whole province(99.4 mm).The erosive precipitation is the lowest in the Qaidam Basin(25.1mm),and the highest in the eastern agricultural area(155.5 mm).From 1961 to 2018,the annual precipitation and erosive precipitation in Qinghai province show a significant increase trend of 8.1 and 4.7 mm/10 a respectively,the number of annual precipitation days show an insignificant decrease trend,and the number of erosive precipitation days show a significant increase trend,with change rates of-0.5 and0.2 d/10 a respectively.The abrupt changes of erosive precipitation and erosive days occurred in 2004and 2001 respectively.After the sudden change,the erosive precipitation and precipitation days increased by 22.4 mm and 0.7 d respectively.The average contribution rates of erosive precipitation and days of erosive precipitation in Qinghai province are 32.7% and 6.5% respectively,and the contribution rates of erosive precipitation and days of erosive precipitation increase significantly at the rate of 0.59% and 0.21% respectively.

关 键 词：降水量 侵蚀性降水 时空变化 青海生态区 

分 类 号：P426.615[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]