我国西北干燥区地面气象站观测环境代表性思考  

Some Thoughts on Observational Settings of Surface Meteorological Stations in Northwest China Arid Areas

作　　者：任国玉[1,2] 任玉玉 张颖娴[1] 张太西[3] 张思齐[1,2] 薛晓颖[1,2] 叶殿秀 颉卫华 吴秀兰[3] 曹华[4] 农丽娟 REN Guoyu;REN Yuyu;ZHANG Yingxian;ZHANG Taixi;ZHANG Siqi;XUE Xiaoying;YE Dianxiu;JIE Weihua;WU Xiuan;CAO Hua;NONG Lijuan(National Climate Center,Laboratory for Climate Studies,Beijing 100081;Department of Atmospheric Science,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China;Xinjiang Climate Center,Urumqi 830002,China;Jiuquan Meteorological Bureau,Jiuquan 736299,China)

机构地区：[1]国家气候中心,气候研究开放实验室,北京100081 [2]中国地质大学环境学院大气科学系,湖北武汉430074 [3]新疆气候中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [4]酒泉市气象局,甘肃酒泉736299

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2023年第4期169-175,共7页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项“全球变化及应对”项目“小冰期以来东亚季风区极端气候变化及机制研究”(2018YFA0605603)。

摘　　要：气候观测环境代表性和观测资料质量是开展大尺度气候变化监测和研究的前提。为了解我国干燥区气象观测环境变化和台站代表性,对河西走廊和北疆9个国家级气象站观测环境开展了调研。结合先前研究结果,从气候变化监测和研究的视角,提出了针对西北干燥区地面观测站代表性问题的几点思考。目前我国西北地区气象站地面观测,对于干燥区的城市和绿洲区域气候及其变化,具有较高的代表性,但对更广大的荒漠和半荒漠背景气候及其变化,代表性仍显不足。早期研究中指出的北疆等地区城镇站地面气温序列负向城市化影响,应与观测场周围局地甚至区域尺度绿洲扩大有直接联系,较难反映绿洲以外干燥区地带性气温变化。针对地面观测环境调研发现的问题及其思考,提出几点建议,希望对未来国家基准气候站网设计和建设提供一定参考。This paper is completed on the basis of the survey of changing in the observational environment of the Hexi Corridor and north Xinjiang meteorological stations in 2021 summer,and it may provide representativeness for the understanding of changes in meteorological observation environment in the northwest China arid areas and for the design and construction of future national and regional representativeness climate networks.The survey shows that the current surface observations of weather stations in arid areas are generally representative of the climate and its changes for urban and oasis regions,but are still insufficient in the representativeness for the wider desert and semi-desert areas;the negative urbanization effects on the surface air temperature series of urban stations as previously found in Xinjiang and other arid regions have been affirmed as the results of the expansion of the oasis around the observational sites.It is thus difficult for the observations to really reflect the background surface air temperature changes in the arid areas outside the cities and oases;problem is also obvious in the observational data of extreme weather phenomena after the transition around 2003 from manual to autonomous observations,with some observations of climatic elements and weather phenomena having significant break-points around the transition.At the final section of this paper,conclusions and a few of suggestions are puts forward in response to the abovementioned problems found in the survey of the ground observational environment.

关 键 词：观测环境 资料 西北 干燥区 气候变化 绿洲化 城市化 

分 类 号：P468.021[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]