大直径非递减厚度高速砂轮基体的结构设计  

Structural Design of High-speed Grinding Wheel Substrate with Large Diameter and Non-decreasing Thickness

作　　者：张贝 喻彩丽 ZHANG Bei;YU Caii(School of Ocean Science,Shanwei Institute of Technology,Shanwei,Guangdong 516600,China;School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510000,China)

机构地区：[1]汕尾职业技术学院海洋学院,广东汕尾516600 [2]华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,广东广州510000

出　　处：《深圳职业技术学院学报》2023年第4期82-94,共13页Journal of Shenzhen Polytechnic

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(2020年度)一般项目“面向航空难加工材料的高性能超硬磨料砂轮的研发与应用”(202102210064);汕尾职业技术学院高层次人才科研启动专项(2021年度)一般项目“磨粒分布模式对陶瓷材料磨削表面的影响”(SKQD2021B-025)。

摘　　要：高速磨削是最先进的磨削工艺之一,实现高速磨削的主要方法就是使大直径砂轮在高转速下进行磨削。当砂轮高速旋转时,其基体芯部的应力水平将接近材料的失效极限,因此需对砂轮基体的结构强度进行设计。以往的高速砂轮基体都是采用递减厚度的结构设计方法,递减厚度就是指砂轮芯部厚度非常大而砂轮外侧厚度却非常小,这种砂轮设计的方法容易造成砂轮重量偏大且砂轮工作面宽度偏小,致使砂轮基体的使用效率大大降低。砂轮基体的非递减厚度设计就是不关注厚度设计参数,而是注重砂轮除厚度以外的平面结构设计,把砂轮中心孔边缘的厚度作为砂轮基体结构的约束条件,从增大中心孔边缘的材料延伸和减轻砂轮外侧离心力的传递着手,减小砂轮基体芯部的应力集中并使砂轮整体应力分布趋于均匀。文中通过几种简单的结构设计,可在厚度非递减的情况下降低砂轮基体中心孔边缘的环向应力,其中最大降幅可达170.6%。通过这几种结构设计思想可以衍生出更多的结构设计方法。这些砂轮基体结构设计方法可使砂轮的最大环向应力由砂轮芯部移向砂轮外侧,降低了砂轮芯部的应力水平,放宽了砂轮芯部厚度过大的设计局限。High speed grinding is one of the most advanced grinding processes.The major approach to achieve high-speed grinding is by means of large diameter grinding wheel and its high-speed rotation.When grinding wheel rotates at high-speed,the stress level of wheel hub material will be close to the failure limit of the material.Therefore,it is necessary to design the structural strength of grinding wheel substrate.Previous high speed grinding wheel substrate is designed with decreasing thickness Decreasing thickness means wheel hub thickness is very large and periphery thickness is very small,which causes wheel weight larger and work surface width smaller,resulting in a significant decrease in efficiency.Non-decreasing thickness design focuses on the planar structure design of the grinding wheel except for the thickness parameter,and considers wheel hub thickness as constraint,starting with increasing center hole edge material extension and reducing outside centrifugal force transmission to reduce wheel hub stress concentration and to redistribute stress evenly.In this study,the wheel center hole edge hoop stress is reduced with several non-decreasing thickness structure design,in which the maximum reduction is 170.6%,from which more structure design can be derived.These grinding wheel structure design can move wheel hub maximum hoop stress to the outside,and significantly reduce the stress level of wheel hub,and expand the limitation of large thickness of wheel hub.

关 键 词：高速砂轮 高速磨削 砂轮结构设计 砂轮应力分析 砂轮离心应力 

分 类 号：TG74[金属学及工艺—刀具与模具]