基于GIS的河南省沿黄区域农业面源污染分析  

GIS-based analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution in regions along the Yellow River in Henan Province

作　　者：邱青彬 杨玉秀 牛梦姣 张皖玉 张志勇[1] 王小纯[2] 马新明[1] 熊淑萍[1] QIU Qingbin;YANG Yuxiu;NIU Mengjiao;ZHANG Wanyu;ZHANG Zhiyong;WANG Xiaochun;MA Xinming;XIONG Shuping(College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation of Ministry of Education,Zhengzhou 450046,China;College of Life Sciences,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院/作物生长发育调控教育部重点实验室,河南郑州450046 [2]河南农业大学生命科学学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2023年第4期558-569,共12页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700900);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(21A210015)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究河南省沿黄区域农业面源污染空间分布及重点污染源的排放特征,为黄河流域农业面源污染治理和高质量发展提供依据。【方法】基于河南省DEM 90 m(数字高程模型地图)数据和河南省行政区划图,采用ArcGIS水文分析方法,确定以灵宝市等25个县(市、区)为研究区域,运用排污系数法、等标污染负荷法计算并分析了河南省沿黄区域25个县(市、区)化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH_(3)-N)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)4种污染物的排放量、排放强度以及等标污染负荷,在对畜禽养殖业、种植业及水产养殖业3个污染源进行全面分析基础上,将河南省沿黄区域的污染负荷与河南省总污染负荷进行宏观对比得出的重点污染源,并通过ArcGIS自然断裂法和层次聚类分析法反映区域内污染排放分布特征。【结果】河南省沿黄区域25个县(市、区)COD、NH_(3)-N、TN和TP 4种污染物的总排放量分别为16.22×10^(4)、0.23×10^(4)、1.64×10^(4)和0.25×10^(4) t,其中,TN的等标污染负荷比率最高,为41.67%;污染物主要源自畜禽养殖业,等标污染负荷比率为70.52%;同时,河南省沿黄区域畜禽养殖业和水产养殖业在总负荷中的比率高于河南省。COD、NH_(3)-N和TP在总负荷中的比率高于河南省。空间上,污染负荷较大的区域主要分布在黄河北岸,黄河南岸的污染负荷分布呈“西低东高”的趋势。沿黄区域农业面源污染排放特征可划分为畜禽养殖业主导污染Ⅰ型、畜禽养殖业主导污染Ⅱ型、水产养殖业较高占比Ⅰ型和水产养殖业较高占比Ⅱ型4种污染类型区。【结论】河南省沿黄区域重点污染源为种植业源和畜禽养殖业,重点污染物为TN,TP和COD;畜禽养殖业源污染是需要优先控制的污染源,COD是需要优先控制的污染物。【Objective】This study was conducted to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and key pollution projects of non-point agricultural pollution in the region along the Yellow River in Henan Province,and to provide a basis for the treatment of agricultural non-point pollution and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin.【Method】Based on 90 m DEM(digital elevation model)data of Henan Province and administrative division map of Henan Province,using ArcGIS hydrological analysis,25 counties(cities,districts)including Lingbao City were identified as study areas.The discharge amount,intensity and equal standard pollution load of four pollutants,the chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N),total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP),in 25 counties(cities,districts)of Henan province were calculated and analyzed by using the pollution discharge coefficient method and equal standard pollution load method.On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the three pollution sources of livestock and poultry breeding,planting and aquaculture breeding,comparing the pollution load along the Yellow River of Henan province with the total pollution load of Henan Province,the key pollution sources,the distribution characteristics of pollution emission in the region were reflected by ArcGIS natural fracture method and hierarchical cluster analysis method.【Result】The total emissions of COD,NH_(3)-N,TN and TP in the 25 counties(cities and districts)along the Yellow River in Henan Province were 16.22×10^(4),0.23×10^(4),1.64×10^(4) and 0.25×10^(4) t respectively,among which the rate of TN pollution load was 41.67%,the highest of all;The pollutants mainly originate from livestock and poultry industry,and the rate of pollution load was 70.52%.Meanwhile,the rate of livestock and poultry and aquaculture to the total load in Henan Province was higher than that in Henan Province.The rate of COD,NH_(3)-N and TP to the total load was higher than that in Henan Province.In space,the areas with larger polluti

关 键 词：河南省沿黄区域 农业面源污染 等标污染负荷 层次聚类分析 自然断裂法 

分 类 号：X501[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X522