减氮条件下生物炭基肥对土壤养分及细菌群落结构的影响  

Effects of biochar based fertilizer on soil nutrients and bacterial community structure under nitrogen reduction

作　　者：吴东[1] 李茂森 李帅兵 董贤春[4] 牟毅[1] 王博 唐婷婷 唐韵 赫英宇 任天宝[2] WU Dong;LI Maosen;LI Shuaibing;DONG Xianchun;MU Yi;WANG Bo;TANG Tingting;TANG Yun;HE Yingyu;REN Tianbao(Hubei Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd,Wuhan 430048,China;College of Tobacco/Henan Biochar Engineering Technology Center,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Mudanjiang Tobacco Company,Heilongjiang Provincial Tobacco Company,Mudanjiang 157011,China;Yichang Branch of Hubei Provincial Tobacco Company,Yichang 420500,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北中烟工业有限责任公司,湖北武汉430048 [2]河南农业大学烟草学院/河南省生物炭研究工程技术中心,河南郑州450002 [3]黑龙江省烟草公司牡丹江烟叶公司,黑龙江牡丹江157011 [4]湖北省烟草公司宜昌市公司,湖北宜昌420500

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2023年第4期657-666,共10页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：河南省重点研发项目(222102110178);牡丹江烟叶生产技术研究与应用项目(2021MDJKJ02);河南青年骨干教师资助项目(2020GGJS047)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究减氮条件下生物炭基肥对植烟土壤养分及细菌多样性和群落的影响。【方法】设置对照施肥(CK)、常规施肥减氮10%+0.6 t·hm^(-2)生物炭基肥(T1)、0.9 t·hm^(-2)生物炭基肥(T2)和1.2 t·hm^(-2)生物炭基肥(T3)4个大田试验处理,研究土壤速效养分及根际土壤细菌群落结构和功能的变化规律。【结果】施加生物炭基肥显著促进烟株生长,T2处理对烟株农艺性状的提升最明显;各处理土壤有机质和速效养分含量较CK处理均显著升高,其中T2处理土壤有机质含量较CK处理增加了27.63%;T3处理土壤容积质量较CK处理降低了16.46%。施加生物炭基肥对土壤细菌群落组成产生了显著的影响,增加了变形菌门的相对丰度,降低了酸杆菌门的相对丰度,纤线杆菌纲和放线菌纲的相对丰度显著提高,拟杆菌纲相对丰度降低,相关性分析表明,绿弯菌门受土壤理化性质的影响较大,与土壤理化指标均显著相关。【结论】生物炭基肥可以显著提高减氮条件下的土壤养分积累并保障烟株成熟期养分需求,改善土壤功能细菌群落结构。【Objective】To investigate the effects of biochar based fertilizers on soil nutrients,bacterial diversity,and community in tobacco planting soil under nitrogen reduction conditions.【Method】Four field experimental treatments,namely control(CK),conventional fertilization with 10%N reduction+0.6 t·hm^(-2) biochar fertilizer(T1),0.9 t·hm^(-2) biochar fertilizer(T2)and 1.2 t·hm^(-2) biochar fertilizer(T3),were conducted to study the changes of soil available nutrients and rhizosphere bacterial community structure and function.【Result】The application of biochar based fertilizer significantly promoted the growth of tobacco plants,with T2 treatment showing the most significant improvement in the agronomic traits of tobacco plants;The content of soil organic matter and available nutrients in each treatment all significantly increased compared to CK treatment,with T2 treatment showing a 27.63%increase in soil organic matter content compared to CK treatment;The soil volume mass of T3 treatment decreased by 16.46%compared to CK group.The application of biochar based fertilizer had a significant impact on the composition of soil bacterial community,with increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria,Fibromycetes and Actinomyces,and decreasing the relative abundance of Acidobacteria and Bacteroides.Correlation analysis showed that Chloroflexi was greatly affected by soil physical and chemical properties,and was significantly related to soil physical and chemical indicators.【Conclusion】Biochar-based fertilizer can significantly ameliorate soil nutrient accumulation under nitrogen reduction conditions,ensure nutrient demand at the maturity stage of tobacco plants,and improve soil functional bacterial community structure.

关 键 词：生物炭基肥 植烟土壤 理化性质 细菌 群落结构 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]