合同僵局视域下违约方解除合同的司法裁判之反思  

Reflections on Judicial Adjudication on Discharge of Breaching Party under the Perspective of Contract Deadlock

作　　者：张继承[1] 陈甲荥 ZHANG Jicheng;CHEN Jiaying(School of Law,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学法学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《华南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期79-87,共9页Journal of South China University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：广州市哲学社会科学发展“十四五”规划2022年度一般课题“广州打造法治中国标杆城市研究”(2022GZYB57)。

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国民法典》第五百八十条第(二)款正式确立了违约方合同解除规则,然而,现有司法实践反映出该规则仍存在若干不足,有必要对其进行反思。该条款适用范围局限于非金钱债务与立法初衷背道而驰,不利于双方当事人利益最大化。金钱债务同样存在排除继续履行的可能,为有效化解合同僵局,将金钱债务纳入适用范围更为妥当。基于合同僵局案件特殊性,为进一步节约司法资源,保障当事人的程序利益,应在司法解除程序中明确法官释明义务,即对违约方解除合同及守约方追究违约责任的诉讼请求进行释明。违约方解除合同存在道德风险,为制约双方当事人滥用权利,鼓励通过自由协商化解合同僵局、定分止争,建议增设重新协商程序。Article 580,paragraph 2 of the Civil Code formally establishes the rule of the contract termination rule of breaching party.However,the existing judicial practice reflects that the rule still has some shortcomings,and it is necessary to reflect on it.The scope of application is limited to non-pecuniary debts,which is contrary to the original legislative intent and is not conducive to maximizing the interests of the parties.In order to effectively resolve the impasse of contract,it is more appropriate to include pecuniary debts in the scope of application.Based on the special nature of contract deadlock cases,the judge s obligation to explain should be clarified in the judicial discharge procedure,that is,to explain the breach party s application for the discharge of the contract and the observant party s request to pursue the liability for breach of contract,so as to further save judicial resources and protect the procedural interests of the parties.There is a moral risk for the breaching party to rescind the contract.In order to restrain the parties from abusing their rights and encourage the free negotiation to resolve the contract deadlock and settle the disputes,it is suggested to add a renegotiation procedure.

关 键 词：违约方 合同解除 合同僵局 释明义务 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]