中印比较视角下中国式现代化的启示——主导政党推动  

The Implication of Chinese Path to Modernization from the Perspective of Comparison between China and India:Driving force of Dominant Political Party

作　　者：张刚生 ZHANG Gangsheng(Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学,北京100871

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2023年第8期15-30,共16页Pacific Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“计算社会科学背景下的政治学研究方法变革研究”(19BZZ010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：同为人口规模超大之后发国家的中国和印度,皆取得了重大的现代化成就。比较发现,无论是现代国家建构,还是传统社会的现代化改造,抑或工业化基础的建立,中印两国都是在主导政党推动下实现的。中国共产党在组织强度、主导国家发展持久性等方面优于印度的主导性政党,使得中国更有效地实施各项现代化改革,继而让中国的现代化水平大幅领先于印度。2014年印度人民党获得主导地位后,在政党组织建设、推动国家建构、促进经济发展等多个方面与中国共产党领导的中国式现代化趋同。虽然印度人民党与中国共产党相比,在组织能力、统领国家建设等方面都有较大差距,但其推动印度现代化的努力愈发与中国共产党趋同,则体现了后发国家现代化的共通性。以一个强大的主导政党推动国家现代化,不仅是中国式现代化的经验总结,也为其他后发国家现代化提供了借鉴。As the two largest developing countries in the world,China and India have both made tremen⁃dous achievements in modernization,while China’s development is much greater.Why both China and India have achieved great development?Why China’s development is significantly higher than that of India?Many researches generally find that the key to the development and differences between the two countries lies in the role of the government,while most papers do not mention the role of the political party identified as the political foundation of the government.Obviously,it is difficult to accurately understand the two countries,especially China,without paying attention to political parties.Therefore,this study compares the similarities and differences of the two countries’modernization from the perspective of political parties,in order to answer why China and India have significant development and why China is ahead of India.The research found that the independence of China and India was achieved under the leadership of a domi⁃nant political party with strong capabilities of mobilization.After independence,the dominant political parties of both countries having been taking lots of measures to promote state⁃building and transform their traditional socie⁃ties.At the same time,they utilize state power to establish the foundation of industrialization through planned e⁃conomy.The Communist Party of China(CPC)is much stronger and longer than India’s dominant parties in terms of organizational strength and durability of leading the country,so that China can implement various re⁃forms more forcefully,which leads to China’s modernization significantly ahead of India’s.It was also found that after gaining the dominant position in 2014,the Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP)has implemented the policies highly similar to the Chinese path to modernization led by the CPC.First of all,the BJP has strengthened the power of the central organization of the political party,enhanced unity,and expand⁃ed the number of grassroots

关 键 词：中国共产党 中国式现代化 印度 后发国家 主导政党 

分 类 号：D73[政治法律—政治学] D77[政治法律—中外政治制度]