日本海域态势感知体系的构建与影响评析  

Analysis on Construction and Impacts of Japan’s Maritime Domain Awareness System(MDA)

作　　者：徐永智[1] 王旭 XU Yongzhi;WANG Xu(China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国现代国际关系研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《太平洋学报》2023年第8期59-73,共15页Pacific Journal

摘　　要：海域态势感知(MDA)是大国海洋博弈新焦点,历经政策准备期和成熟期,日本构建起了具备较强感知能力、服务于政府各部门的MDA体系。其MDA体系领导体制顺畅,操作重视协同配合,能有效整合与共享天空岸海多来源信息。下一步,日本将继续升级MDA体系,力求实现对船舶实时跟踪,在“印太海域态势感知伙伴关系”等机制下向外国提供预警性情报,与美军“融为一体”以联手应对“威胁”。日本长期将MDA视为海洋施政重点,主要动因在于对“中国威胁”的错误判断和“助美遏华”的野心。日本MDA体系以掌握中国船舶动向为主要目标,既是日本建设“区域拒止”能力的一环,也是美日同盟增强对中国“遏制与应对能力”的情报基础。鉴于日本将大量装备进攻性武器,日本构建、强化MDA体系将打破西太海上战略平衡。此外,日本积极开展MDA外援,将加剧我国与南海沿岸国的涉海矛盾,增强相关国家对日安全依赖,助推地区秩序“阵营化”。中国应高度警惕日本MDA体系的负面影响,加紧构建自身MDA体系。Maritime Domain Awareness(MDA)is the new focus for the oceanic competition among major powers.Following the phases for policy preparation and maturity,Japan has built an MDA system with strong domain awareness capabilities and services for various governmental departments.Its MDA system has a relative smooth leadership,and its operations emphasize coordination and cooperation.They can effec⁃tively integrate and share information from multiple sources from the sky,shore and sea.For the next phase,Japan will likely upgrade the MDA system to achieve real⁃time tracking of ships,provide the early warning information to foreign countries under mechanisms such as the Indo⁃Pacific Maritime Domain Awareness Partnership,and work with the U.S.military to address“threats”.Japan has long regarded the MDA as a priority in maritime governance,mainly because of its misjudgment of the“Chinese threat”and its ambition to help the U.S.deter China.The Japan’s MDA system,with the primary goal of understanding Chinese ship movements,is a part of Japan’s A2/AD capability and an intelligence basis for the U.S.⁃Ja⁃pan alliance to enhance its containment against China.Given that Japan has been heavily equipped with of⁃fensive weapons,Japan’s construction and upgrade of the MDA system will breakdown the strategic balance in the Western Pacific.In addition,Japan with assertive MDA foreign aids will exacerbate the littoral states’maritime provocation against China in the South China Sea,enhance the security dependence of re⁃lated countries on Japan,and mislead the regional order into camps and blocks.China should be highly a⁃lert to the negative impact of the Japan’s MDA system and raise the construction of its own MDA system.

关 键 词：日本 海域态势感知 海洋安全 印太海域态势感知伙伴关系 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]