《象》舞之据与《大武》乐章:《吕氏春秋》所见《三象》问题补议  

Evidence of“Image”Dance and Song of“Dawu”:Issues of“Three Images”in Lüshi Chunqiu

作　　者：王晨 WANG Chen(Center for Research and Protection of Unearthed Documents,School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院出土文献研究与保护中心,北京100084

出　　处：《北京舞蹈学院学报》2023年第3期19-27,共9页Journal of Beijing Dance Academy

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“《太玄》文献整理与研究”(项目编号22CZW015)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《吕氏春秋》所记载的《三象》有周公制作旌颂成王之武功与旌颂周公之道德武功两种解读,而以周公制作说可能性最大。“三”之名义,乃与《礼记》所载的周武王伐纣之乐歌,称颂武王之武功《象》舞及《维清》《序》所载的周公制作以颂文王之武功《象》舞二者相区别而命名。《三象》之“象”乃用以称颂周成王或周公之道德武功也。文、武之《象》与《三象》在性质上都属于武舞,且均是因历史事件以旌颂历史人物的道德武功而编舞,但所配诗、乐不同,故属同名异实的《象》舞。据《白虎通·礼乐》所引逸《礼》,文、武之《象》当与象周公、召公分职而治的文舞《酌》三者合称《大武》,兼有文舞与武舞。学界认为它应曾被记载于匡卣中。核验现存的商周铭文资料,无法确定其曾记载于商周青铜器中。《三象》《象》及《大武》乐章关系的考辨与澄清有助于更好地理解文献记载与礼乐文明的复杂面向,澄清《象》舞名义、性质、作时、舞具、舞容等基本问题。There are two interpretations of the“Three Images”recorded in the Lüshi Chunqiu(also known as The Spring and Autumn Annals of Mr.Lü):it was created by King Wen of Zhou to eulogize the military exploits of King Cheng of Zhou;it was to eulogize the moral excellence of King Wen of Zhou,and the former was the more likely to be true.The name“Three”was different from the names of the song about King Wu of Zhou overthrowing the Shang Dynasty in the Book of Rites,the dance of“Image”in praise of King Wu’s military accomplishments,and the dance of“Image”created by King Wen of Zhou to eulogize the military exploits of King Cheng of Zhou recorded in Weiqing and Preface.The“image”in the“Three Images”was used to extol the moral excellence and military accomplishments of King Cheng of Zhou or King Wen of Zhou.The Wen dance and Wu Dance of“Image”and the“Three Images”both belonged to the Wu dance in nature,and they were choreographed to extol the moral excellence and military accomplishments of historical figures based on historical events.However,their accompanied poems and music were different,therefore there were different dances of“Image”with the same name.Based on the“Rites”quoted in White Tiger Tong·Rites and Music,the Wen dance and Wu dance of the“Image”should combine with the Wen dance of“Zhuo”governed by King Wen of Zhou and Duke of Zhao according to their division of duties to form the“Dawu”,which included both Wen dance and Wu dance.The academic circle believes that it should have been recorded on the Quanyou,however,after examining the existing inscriptions of the Shang and Zhou Dynasties,it has not been confirmed that it was recorded on the Shang and Zhou bronze wares.The study on the relationship among the“Three Images”,“Image”,and“Dawu”is beneficial for us to better understand the complex aspects of the literature records,and the rites and music,and to clarify the basic issues of the dance of“Image”such as the name,nature,creation time,dance i

关 键 词：《吕氏春秋》 《三象》 《象》舞 《大武》乐章 匡卣 

分 类 号：J709[艺术—舞蹈]