桃树不同树形树体结构及叶片光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数比较  

Comparison of Tree Structure and Leaf Photosynthetic and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Different Tree Shapes of Peach

作　　者：李桂祥[1] 聂佩显[1] 高晓兰 李淼 宫庆涛[1] 张安宁[1] LI Guixiang;NIE Peixian;GAO Xiaolan;LI Miao;GONG Qingtao;ZHANG Anning(Shandong Institute of Pomology,Tai'an,Shandong 271000)

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第14期30-35,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-30);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程资助项目(CXGC2021A11,CXGC2022A04);山东省农业良种工程资助项目(2020LZGC007)。

摘　　要：以肥城桃实生优系‘LT-1’为试材,采用主干形、Y形、四主枝开心形3种树形,研究了3种树形的冠层结构、光合作用和叶绿素荧光参数之间的差异,以期从光合生理角度为桃树的树形选择提供参考依据。结果表明:3种树形的叶面积指数(LAI)、散射辐射透过系数(TCDP)、直射辐射透过系数(TCRP)、叶片分布密度(LD)等指标无显著差异,主干形的平均叶倾角(MLA)和冠层消光系数(K)显著低于Y形和四主枝开心形;主干形的净光合速率Pn显著高于Y形和四主枝开心形,不同树形在不同高度的净光合速率Pn变化表现一致,均为上层(3.0 m)>中层(2.0 m)>下层(0.7 m);实际光化学效率φPSⅡ(主干形)>φPSⅡ(Y形)>φPSⅡ(四主枝开心形),最大光化学效率Fv/Fm(四主枝开心形)>Fv/Fm(Y形)>Fv/Fm(主干形),光化学淬灭系数qP(主干形)>qP(Y形)>qP(四主枝开心形),非光化学淬灭系数NPQ(Y形)>NPQ(四主枝开心形)>NPQ(主干形)。综上,主干形优于Y形和四主枝开心形。Taking‘LT-1'of Feicheng peach as the test material,the canopy structure,photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of three tree shapes,main trunk shape,Y shape and four main branches open heart shape were studied,in order to provide reference for the selection of peach tree shape from the perspective of photosynthetic physiology.The results showed that there were no significant differences in leaf area index(LAI),scattered radiation transmittance(TCDP),direct radiation transmittance(TCRP)and leaf distribution density(LD)among the three tree shapes.The average leaf inclination angle(MLA)and canopy extinction coefficient(K)of the main tree shape were significantly lower than those of the Y-shape and four main branches open heart shape.The net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of the main trunk shape was significantly higher than that of the Y-shape and four main branches open heart shape.The Pn values of the different tree shapes at different heights showed the same changes,which were the upper layer(3.0 m)>the middle layer(2.0 m)>the lower layer(0.7 m).The actual photochemical efficiency pPSII(main trunk shape)>βPSII(Y-shape)>pPSI(four main branches open heart shape),the maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm(four main branches open heart shape)>Fv/Fm(Y-shape)>Fv/Fm(main trunk shape),the chemical quenching coefficient qP(main trunk shape)>qP(Y-shape)>qP(four main branches open heart shape),non-photochemical quenching coefficient NPQ(Y-shape)>NPQ(four main branches open heart shape)>NPQ(main trunk shape).In conculsion,by comparing the canopy structure,photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the three tree shapes,the main branch shape is better than the Y shape and the four main branches open heart shape.

关 键 词：桃 树形 光合作用 叶绿素荧光 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]