基于构式词法的领属复合词界定  

A Construction Morphology Approach to the Definition of Possessive Compounds

作　　者：宋作艳[1] SONG Zuoyan

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言学研究中心/北京大学中文系,100871

出　　处：《汉语学报》2023年第3期20-33,共14页Chinese Linguistics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“基于构式形态学的汉语词法研究”(项目编号:19BYY032)的资助。

摘　　要：以往研究根据成分间有无领属关系判定领属复合词,忽略了形式和整体的作用,混淆了潜在的、蕴含的和实现的领属关系,导致领属复合词与属性复合词界限不清。构式词法将复合词看成整体、独立的形式—意义对。据此,领属复合词中的领属关系必须是实现的,对应领属结构。构式视角下的领属复合词有命名功能但无分类功能,中心成分是一价的,有不可让渡的领属关系。判断一个词是否是领属复合词,要看它能否识解为该词法构式的构例,关键是有无分类功能。根据构式标准,本文调整了领属复合词的范围,使之边界更清晰,内部更统一,与领属短语更平行,更符合认知。两种复合词界限有些模糊是因为有些中心成分介于一价与零价之间。Previous studies have determined possessive compounds based on whether there is a possessive relation between the components.Ignoring the role of the form and the whole compound,this criterion causes confusion among possible,implied and expressed possessive relationships and leads to unclear boundaries between possessive and attribute compounds.Construction Morphology regards compound words as holistic gestalts and independent form-meaning pairs.Accordingly,the possessive relationship must be realized in possessive compounds and correspond to a possessive structure.Possessive compounds defined from a constructional point of view have naming function but not classifying function,and their heads are monovalent nouns with unalienable possessive relationship.Whether a particular compound is a possessive compound depends on whether it can be regarded as an instance of this morphological construction,especially on whether it has a classifying function.According to the constructional criterion,this study adjusts the scope of possessive compounds,making the boundary clearer,the compounds more unified internally,the structure closer to a possessive phrase,and thus more in line with perception.The boundary between two types of compounds is not clear because some head components can be both monovalent and zerovalent.

关 键 词：构式词法 领属复合词 属性复合词 一价名词 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]