“不太”的意义、功能与演变  

The Semantic,Pragmatic Functions and Diachronic Development of“butai”

作　　者：李欣 王海峰[2] LI Xin;WANG Haifeng

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学国际学院,310018 [2]北京大学对外汉语教育学院,100871

出　　处：《汉语学报》2023年第3期54-62,共9页Chinese Linguistics

摘　　要：本文以共时与历时相结合的研究方法,考察分析了“不太”的语义语用功能和演变过程,发现“不太1”主要表低程度义和主观限量功能,“不太2”主要表否定义和委婉否定功能,但二者并非互无关系的“同形异构”格式,而是有着内在的语义逻辑关联和历时演变顺序。现代汉语中的“不太”是一个由“不[太X]”重新分析为“不太[X]”而产生的跨层结构,至清代晚期成为较为凝固的委婉否定格式,其演变动因主要在于适量准则和礼貌原则。This paper mainly studies the meaning,pragmatic functions,and evolution of butai through synchronic and diachronic investigations.It is found that butai mainly expresses the meaning of"low degree"and"subjective quantity limitation",and butaiz negation and euphemistic negation.However,these two demonstrate an intrinsic semantic logical correlation and evolutionary sequence,instead of being two different constructions with the same form.Butai in contemporary Chinese is a cross-structural construction evolved from bu[tai X] to butai[X]through reanalysis,and it became a fixed euphemistic negation construction in the late Qing dynasty,whose evolutionary motivation is mainly the Maxim of Quantity and the Politeness Principle.

关 键 词：“不太” 显义刻画 主观限量 委婉否定 历时演变 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]