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作 者:高坤 张博伟 刘崇炫 GAO Kun;ZHANG Bowei;LIU Chongxuan(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China)
机构地区:[1]南方科技大学环境科学与工程学院,广东深圳518055
出 处:《环境科学与技术》2023年第6期78-84,共7页Environmental Science & Technology
基 金:国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2019YFC1805300);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2022A1515110298);中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M711476);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41830861);广东省引进创新创业团队(2017ZT07Z479)。
摘 要:酸性矿山废水(AMD)是矿区中常见的环境污染问题。论文以石人嶂矿区为研究对象,分析了AMD水体的污染特征、沉积物中重金属的形态及其释放风险,研究结果表明,该矿区AMD中存在以As、Zn、Cu和Fe为主的多金属复合污染。沉积物中的次生铁矿物能够固定水体中的重金属,且其固定As的能力强于Zn、Cu和Cd。在pH<3时,次生铁矿物为黄钾铁矾、砷铁石等结晶度强的铁矿物,沉积物中的重金属主要呈晶型铁结合态和残渣态,重金属的稳定性强;而在pH>3时,次生铁矿物为施氏矿物、四方水铁矿等结晶度差的铁矿物,沉积物中重金属的形态主要为表面吸附态和弱结晶铁结合态,重金属的稳定性相对较低。另外,pH>3的沉积物中含有相对丰度较高的铁还原菌,它们可能会诱导次生铁矿物相转化和重金属迁移。研究结果对厘清AMD环境中重金属的地球化学行为有重要意义。Acid mine drainage(AMD)is an environmental problem commonly found in mining area.This paper collectively investigated the physicochemical parameters in AMD,and the speciation of heavy metals in the sediment and the associated risk of their re-mobilization in the Shirenzhang mine site.Results indicated that the aquatic systems suffered a combined pollution of heavy metals As,Zn,Cu,and Fe.The secondary Fe minerals in the sediments were capable of immobilizing the heavy metals and the immobilization affinity of minerals to As was stronger than that to Zn,Cu,and Cd.At pH<3,the well crystalline minerals including jarosite and ferroarsenite were detected in the sediments,and the heavy metals were mainly presented in the crystalline iron oxide-bound phase and the residual phase.The stability of heavy metals was relative high.At pH>3,however the poor crystalline iron oxyhydroxide including schwertmannite andβ-Fe(OOH)were the dominant secondary minerals.And the heavy metals in the sediments were mainly presented in the surface-adsorbed phase and the poor crystalline iron oxide-bound phase,which led to a low stability of the heavy metals.In addition,the relative abundance of iron reducing bacteria was high in the sediments at pH>3,which might induce the transformation of the secondary minerals and the associated mobilization of heavy metals.These results provided important insights into the geochemical behavior of heavy metals in AMD environments.
关 键 词:酸性矿山废水 重金属 次生铁矿物 铁还原菌 地球化学行为
分 类 号:X751[环境科学与工程—环境工程]
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