不同状态车内VOCs污染特征与呼吸暴露风险研究  

Research on VOCs Pollution Characteristics and Respiratory Exposure Risk in Vehicles under Different Conditions

作　　者：申现宝[1,2] 勾润玲 曹鑫悦 郝雪薇 毋波波 姚志良 SHEN Xianbao;GOU Runling;CAO Xinyue;HAO Xuewei;WU Bobo;YAO Zhiliang(School of Ecology and Environment,Beijing Technology and Business University,Beijing 100048,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学生态环境学院,北京100048 [2]国家环境保护食品链污染防治重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2023年第6期166-173,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金面上项目(8222041);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3700604)。

摘　　要：为评估机动车内挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染水平和暴露风险,文章使用预浓缩仪结合气相色谱单四极杆气质联用系统测定了不同状态车辆车内VOCs样品,分析了车内VOCs的影响因素,评估了致癌和非致癌风险。结果表明:(1)车内TVOC污染程度排序:私家车静止状态>出租车行驶状态>私家车行驶状态。(2)车内VOCs浓度随着温度、湿度的增大而增大,随着车龄、行驶里程的增大而减少,汽油车、皮革内饰的车辆车内VOCs污染更为严重。(3)出租车通勤所带来的致癌风险高于私家车通勤的风险;出租车司机的暴露风险远高于限值,男性司机的暴露风险高于女性司机。(4)出租车司机面临的危害商数值(0.27)略高于出租车通勤数值(0.26),高于私家车通勤数值(0.10)。In order to assess the pollution and exposure level of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in motor vehicles,interior air samples of different types and states of vehicles were collected,and the pre-concentrator and gas chromatography single quadrupole gas chromatography-mass spectromnetry system were used for determination and analysis,and carcinogenic risk assessment and non-carcinogenic risk assessment were assessed.The results show that according to the degree of TVOC pollution in the car:static state of private car>driving state of taxi>driving state of private car.The VOCs concentration in the car increases with the increase of temperature and humidity,and decreases with the increase of vehicle age and mileage.The VOCs pollution in the gasoline car with leather interior is more serious.The risk of cancer caused by taxi commuting is higher than that of taking private cars.The exposure risk of taxi drivers is much higher than limiting value,and the exposure risk of male taxi drivers is much higher than that of female taxi drivers.The hazard quotient faced by taxi drivers(0.27)is slightly higher than that of taxi commuting(0.26)and higher than that of private car commuting(0.10).

关 键 词：车内 挥发性有机物 影响因素 污染特征 健康风险 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]