水体微塑料表面生物膜特征及影响因素  

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Biofilm on the Surface of Water Microplastics

作　　者：郭佳宝 黄艺[1] GUO Jiabao;HUANG Yi(State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境科学与工程学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2023年第6期221-227,共7页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室项目(8102000268);中国博士后科学基金(2022M720280);广东省基础与应用基础研究粤深联合青年基金(2022A1515110814)。

摘　　要：微塑料作为一种新兴污染物存留在水体和陆地的各种不同环境中。环境中的微生物附着在这些微塑料表面,形成特定的生物膜,使得环境微塑料成为了微生物的新生态位。受到水体类型和环境因素等影响,微塑料表面微生物群落的多样性、物种组成和结构,与环境中的游离微生物具有显著差异,并可富集潜在致病菌和潜在塑料降解菌,对生态环境产生一定影响。水体微塑料表面生物膜在形成过程中,首先形成以γ-变形菌为主的先锋群落,进而演替为α-变形菌和黄杆菌为主的微生物群落,最终形成适应环境条件的复杂微生物群落。目前对微塑料表面生物膜形成的影响因素研究,主要集中在水环境条件和微塑料聚合物类型、粒径大小等微塑料物化性质。该文在综述水体微塑料表面生物膜已有研究基础上,提出了对微塑料表面生物膜的特点和形成机制,以及其对生态环境和人体健康的潜在威胁进行系统研究的建议。As an emerging pollutant,microplastics have been found at various environment like water body and soil.Microorganisms in the environment can colonize on the surface of microplastics and form biofilms,which makes environmental microplastics a new niche of microorganisms.Influenced by water type and environmental factors,the diversity,species composition and structure of microbial communities on the surface of microplastics are significantly different from free microorganisms in the environment,and can be enriched with potential pathogenic bacteria and potential plastic degrading bacteria,which have a certain impact on the ecological environment.In the formation process of microplastic surface biofilm,a pioneer community dominated by-Proteobacteria forms firstly,and then the majority of community becomesα-Proteobacteria and Flavobacteria,finally forms a complex microbial community to adapt environmental conditions.At present,the research on the influencing factors of biofilm formation on the microplastic surface mainly focuses on the physical and chemical properties of microplastics,such as polymer type and particle size of micro plastics,and water environmental conditions where microplastes located.Based on the review of the existing research on biofilm of microplastic in water,this paper puts forward some priority of research suggestions such as to research systematically on the characteristics and formation mechanism of microplastic biofilm and its potential threat to ecological environment and human health.

关 键 词：水体微塑料 微生物 群落组成结构 生物膜 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]