水城茶园硒的地球化学特征及富硒茶开发探讨  

Selenium Biogeochemistry and Development of Selenium Rich Tea in Shuicheng Tea Plantation

作　　者：秦王武 邵树勋[1] 夏勇[1] 田弋夫[2] 王大州[2] 余德顺[2] 林剑[2] 林庆华[2] QIN Wangwu;SHAO Shuxun;XIA Yong;TIAN Yifu;WANG Dazhou;YU Deshun;LIN Jian;LIN Qinghua(State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球化学研究所,矿床地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550081 [2]中国科学院地球化学研究所,环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550081 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《地球与环境》2023年第5期527-536,共10页Earth and Environment

基　　金：中国科学院科技扶贫项目(KFJ-FP-202001、KFJ-FP-202103、KFJ-FP-202201)。

摘　　要：富硒资源弥足珍贵,利用富硒土壤资源发展富硒功能农业是实施乡村振兴战略的新途径。贵州水城区地处高硒地质背景区,为了高效开发利用当地富硒资源,开发生产富硒农产品,本项研究针对水城区富硒区茶园,进行了硒的生物地球化学研究。结果表明,茶园出露二叠系峨眉山玄武岩、龙潭组煤系地层,硒含量分别为0.267±0.155 mg/kg、1.193±2.698 mg/kg,其中龙潭组石煤硒含量最高,高达11.499 mg/kg,是典型的富硒岩层,为茶园富硒土壤的形成提供了充足的地质来源。茶园土壤总硒含量为0.547~4.954 mg/kg,平均值1.682±0.953 mg/kg,50%的茶园土壤硒含量在1~2 mg/kg范围内,为二级富硒土壤。土壤硒含量受其形成母质的制约,与有机碳含量呈正相关性(r=0.27)。土壤有效硒平均含量为0.139±0.045 mg/kg,平均占总硒的8.31%,与pH关系密切(r=0.69)。茶叶硒含量为0.006~0.196 mg/kg,平均值为0.081±0.049 mg/kg,未达到富硒茶的国家标准。为提升水城茶叶的硒含量,从而达到国家富硒茶的标准,建议采取以下农艺措施:1)改良茶园土壤提升土壤pH值,以便提高土壤中硒的生物利用率;2)施外源硒肥进行硒生物强化;3)改换种植高积累硒茶叶品种。Selenium(Se)-rich resources are very precious,and the development and use in Se-riched functional agriculture is a novel way to revitalize the countryside.Shuicheng is located in the high Se geological background area in Guizhou Province.This study characterized Se biogeochemistry for the tea plantation in the high Se-rich area in Shuicheng District to efficiently exploit local Se-rich resources for developing and producing Se-rich agricultural products.The studys results reveal that the average Se-concentrations in rocks of Permian Emeishan basalt and Longtan Formation coal bearing strata were respectively 0.267±0.155 mg/kg and 1.193±2.698 mg/kg.The stone coal of Longtan Formation has the highest Se concentration with a value of up to 11.499 mg/kg.These Se-rich rocks delivered abundant geological sources of Se for the formation of Se-rich soil in tea plantations.The total Se concentration in tea plantation soils ranged from 0.547 to 4.954 mg/kg,with an average of 1.682±0.953 mg/kg.Around 50%of the tea plantation soils intvestigated,which had Se levels between 1-2 mg/kg,were classified as secondary Se-rich soils.The Se concentration in soils was controlled by its parent materials and positively correlated with the organic carbon content(r=0.27).The average bioavailable soil Se concentration was 0.142±0.043 mg/kg,which accounted for 8.31%of the total Se concentration,averagely and related closely to pH(r=0.69).The average Se concentration in tea was 0.086±0.049 mg/kg,which was below the national standard of Se-rich tea.In order to promote the tea industry in Shuicheng,the following agronomic measures are recommended aiming to increase tea Se levels to meet the standard of the national Se-rich tea:1)to raise the pH of the tea plantation soils to enhance Se bioavailability in soils;2)to perform Se biofortification via applying exogenous Se fertilizer;3)to plant tea varieties with a trait of high Se accumulation.

关 键 词：富硒区 生物地球化学 水城 富硒茶 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]