从巫医到道医:宇宙宗教背景下的医学转型  

Witch doctor to Taoist doctor:Medical transformation in the context of cosmic religion

作　　者：屈谱 QU Pu(School of History and Culture,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学历史文化学院,兰州730030

出　　处：《中华中医药杂志》2023年第8期3915-3918,共4页China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy

基　　金：甘肃省教育厅优秀研究生“创新之星”项目(No.2022CXZX-009)。

摘　　要：巫术医学的背景是泛灵论,人们认为病害来自于某种神秘力量,利用巫术来役神驱邪。至春秋战国时期,相关医学记载仍有巫术特点。与此同时,老子道家之“道”的提出、阴阳五行家宇宙论在世俗领域的拓展、齐地八神等宇宙秩序崇拜的建立,使得宗教、医学等领域迎来了一次基于宇宙宗教的转型,医学开始由巫术医学转向以“天人相应”为思想基础的传统中医学。随着天师道产生而出现的道医学,在形成之初多是继承如符水治病等巫术医学的内容,至魏晋南北朝时期其主要内容才转变为传统中医学。The background of the witchcraft medicine is animism.People believe that the disease comes from some mysterious power,and uses witchcraft to slay the gods and exorcise the charms.Until the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,the relevant medical records still have the characteristics of witchcraft.At the same time,the introduction of the‘Tao'of Lao Tzu's Taoism,the expansion of the cosmology of the yin-yang and five elementalists in the secular realm,and the establishment of the worship of cosmic orders such as the Qidi Eight Gods,which made the fields of religion,medicine,etc.Ushering in a transformation based on cosmic religion,medicine began to shift from witchcraft medicine to traditional Chinese medicine based on the idea of'correspondence between heaven and man'.The Taoist medicine that emerged with the emergence of Tianshi Dao,at the beginning of its formation,mostly inherited the contents of witchcraft medicine,such as Fushui treatment,until the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern dynasties,and its main contents were transformed into traditional Chinesemedicine.

关 键 词：宇宙宗教 道医学 传统中医学 医学转型 

分 类 号：K22[历史地理—历史学] B992.5[历史地理—中国史] R-09[哲学宗教—宗教学]