地月空间激光时间比对仿真模型研究  

Research on a Simulation Model for Earth-Moon Space Laser Time Transfer

作　　者：刘通[1] 陈浩[2] 郭鹏斌 石玉 李佳威 王文彬[1] Liu Tong;Chen Hao;Guo Pengbin;Shi Yu;Li Jiawei;Wang Wenbin(Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100094,China;Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology,Beijing 100094,China;Lunar Exploration and Space Program Center,China National Space Administration,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院空间应用工程与技术中心,北京100094 [2]北京跟踪与通信技术研究所,北京100094 [3]国家航天局探月与航天工程中心,北京100190

出　　处：《中国激光》2023年第14期71-82,共12页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：中国科学院空间科学战略性先导科技专项(XDA30040400);中国科学院2021特别研究助理资助项目(T203071)。

摘　　要：为解决中国科学院计划于2023年发射的绕月飞行器激光测距时差载荷星地时间比对问题,本文提出并建立了地月空间激光时间比对高精度测量模型。为达到ns级地月空间激光时间比对精度,采用准确度为0.1 ns量级的数值地球时间星历模型,建立了ns量级的时间尺度转换模型,推导了精度为10 ps量级的激光脉冲单程和往返飞行时间模型,建立了精度优于10 ps的Shapiro时延模型,建立了质心修正模型、几何位置修正模型以及系统时延模型等。使用基于飞行器可观测性、回波率设置等工程实际得到的仿真数据对时间比对模型精度进行验证,时间比对标准差为ns级,表明仿真模型精度可达ns级。星载时钟的频率准确度估算结果和正确值误差约为15%。所建模型可用于后续地月空间高精度激光时间比对任务。Objective The space-ground laser time transfer experiment using the laser ranging and laser timing payload equipped on the lunar orbiter scheduled to be launched in 2023 by the Chinese Academy of Sciences aims to evaluate the performance of the on-board atomic clock and study the high-accuracy time comparison technology and autonomous navigation technology in Earth-Moon space to support China's manned lunar exploration project and other interstellar missions in the future.Compared with dedicated time transfer experiments such as Time Transfer by Laser Link(T2L2) and Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space(ACES),whose model is studied in the local geocentric frame of reference,the model for laser time transfer in Earth-Moon space needs to be represented in the solarsystem barycentric space-time frame of reference using the Barycentric Coordinate Time(TCB) or Barycentric Dynamical Time(TDB) as the reference time scale.To ensure the smooth progress of the high-accuracy time comparison mission,a measurement model for laser time transfer in Earth-Moon space with an uncertainty of order 1 ns is developed.Methods The proposed model is represented in the Barycentric Celestial Reference System(BCRS) using TCB as the reference time scale.The numerical time ephemeris of the earth,TE405,which is calculated using NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory(JPL)development ephemerides,was employed to achieve a transformation with a 0.1 ns level accuracy between the Geocentric Coordinate Time(TCG) and TCB.Based on the IAU resolution B1.5(2000),the nominal trajectory of the lunar spacecraft was used to calculate the influence of the gravitational fields of celestial bodies in the solar system on the rate of the on-board atomic clock.The round-trip light time model of laser pulses with an accuracy of 10 ps level was deduced.We built the model of Shapiro time delay with an accuracy of better than 10 ps,and established center of mass correction model,geometric position correction model,system delay model.Finally,based on the engineering background of

关 键 词：测量 地月空间激光时间比对 地球时间星历 相对论效应 钟误差模型 光行时 

分 类 号：P228.5[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]