常州市铅作业工人血铅异常调查  

Investigation on abnormal blood lead among lead-exposed workers in Changzhou City

作　　者：陆强 付强[1] 汪国海[1] 朱建全[1] LU Qiang;FU Qiang;WANG Guohai;ZHU Jianquan(Department of Occupational and Radiational Health,Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Changzhou Jiangsu,213022,China)

机构地区：[1]常州市疾病预防控制中心职业与放射疾病科,江苏常州213022

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第15期2039-2042,2048,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：常州市卫健委科技项目(QNQ202132)。

摘　　要：目的 了解常州市铅作业人群血铅水平,探讨血铅异常的影响因素,为预防铅中毒提供依据。方法 收集2021年1—12月常州市职业健康检查项目193家涉铅企业3 677份资料,采用logistic回归对铅作业工人血铅异常影响因素进行分析,采用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)进行评价。结果 按国际血铅诊断标准,本研究3 677名铅作业工人血铅异常率为2.04%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,男性(OR=5.468,95%CI:3.055~9.786,P<0.01)、血压(OR=2.022,95%CI:1.095~3.733,P<0.05)、接害工龄(OR=1.475,95%CI:1.153~1.888,P<0.05)、用人单位规模(OR=4.024,95%CI:2.782~5.821,P<0.01)均与血铅异常相关。健康检查类型中,在岗(OR=4.662,95%CI:1.387~15.670,P<0.05)和离岗健康检查(OR=8.315,95%CI:1.635~42.300,P<0.05)血铅异常率均高于岗前健康检查;行业类别中,电气机械、器材制造业(OR=2.386,95%CI:1.080~5.268,P<0.05)和金属制品业(OR=14.693,95%CI:7.153~30.182,P<0.01)工人血铅异常率均高于其他服务制造业。结论 对于涉铅暴露的电气机械与器材制造业和金属制品业等微小型企业的血铅高危人群应开展血铅定期监测,以有效控制其血铅水平,降低心血管和神经系统疾病风险,延长高危人群职业工作寿命。Objective To know the blood lead level of lead-exposed workers in Changzhou City,and discuss the influencing factors of abnormal blood lead,so as to provide basis for the prevention of lead poisoning.Methods Totally 3677 documents of 193 lead related enterprises in Changzhou occupational health examination project from January to December 2021 were collected,the influencing factors of abnormal blood lead in lead-exposed workers were analyzed by logistic regression and evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)curve.Results According to the international blood lead diagnostic standard,the abnormal blood lead rate of 3677 lead-exposed workers in this study was 2.04%.The multivariate logistic analysis regression results showed that male(OR=5.468,95%CI:3.055-9.786,P<0.01),blood pressure(OR=2.022,95%CI:1.095-3.733,P<0.05),length of service exposed to harmful factors(OR=1.475,95%CI:1.153-1.888,P<0.05)and scale of the employer(OR=4.024,95%CI:2.782-5.821,P<0.01)were all correlated with abnormal blood lead.In terms of the type of health examination,the abnormal blood lead rates of on-the-job health examination(OR=4.662,95%CI:1.387-15.670,P<0.05)and off-job health examination(OR=8.315,95%CI:1.635-42.300,P<0.05)were higher than those of pre-job health examination.In terms of industry categories,the abnormal blood lead rates of workers in electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing(OR=2.386,95%CI:1.080-5.268,P<0.05)and metal products manufacturing(OR=14.693,95%CI:7.153-30.182,P<0.01)were higher than those in other service manufacturing industries.Conclusion In order to effectively control their blood lead levels,reduce the risk of cardiovascular and nervous system diseases,and extend the occupational life of high-risk groups,regular monitoring of blood lead should be carried out for the people at high risk of lead exposure in electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing and metal products manufacturing industries.

关 键 词：铅 血铅异常 受试者工作特征曲线 职业健康检查 

分 类 号：R135.11[医药卫生—劳动卫生]