2004-2020年福建省漳州市甲型肝炎流行特征及甲型肝炎疫苗纳入扩大免疫规划后的预防效果  

Epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A in Zhangzhou city from 2004 to 2020 and prevention effectiveness of hepatitis A vaccine included in the Expanded Program on Immunization

作　　者：戴秀兰 许志斌[1] 陈丹红[1] 吴月娇[1] DAI Xiulan;XU Zhibin;CHEN Danhong;WU Yuejiao(Immunization Program,Zhangzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhangzhou,Fujian 363000,China)

机构地区：[1]漳州市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,福建漳州363000

出　　处：《现代疾病预防控制》2023年第8期583-586,共4页MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

摘　　要：目的 分析2004-2020年福建省漳州市甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)流行特征,评价甲肝减毒活疫苗(Hep A-L)纳入扩大免疫规划(EPI)后的预防效果,为制定甲肝防控策略提供依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息管理系统收集2004-2020年漳州市甲肝发病情况,描述性分析甲肝流行特征,并对Hep A-L纳入EPI前(2004-2007年)后(2008-2020年)甲肝流行特征进行比较。结果 2004-2020年漳州市共报告甲肝病例1 510例,年均发病率为1.84/10万。发病率最高为2004年的4.57/10万,最低为2020年的0.41/10万,呈逐年下降趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=614.02, P<0.001)。年均报告发病率居前3位的县区是南靖县、芗城区和龙文区。发病无明显的季节性。病例男女性别比为1.93∶1,年龄以30~59岁为主(占56.75%),职业以农民为主(占59.40%),散居儿童(占2.05%)多于幼托儿童(占0.73%)。纳入EPI接种后,适龄儿童甲肝疫苗接种率为84.24%。2008-2020年0~14岁儿童发病率比2004-2007年下降70.26%。结论 2004-2020年漳州市甲肝发病呈下降趋势。Hep A-L纳入EPI后,目标儿童甲肝发病率显著降低。应做好适龄儿童甲肝疫苗的查漏补种工作,并加强甲肝防控知识宣传,降低非免疫规划人群的发病风险。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis A(HA)in Zhangzhou city from 2004 to 2020,and evaluate the preventive effectiveness of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine(HepA-L)after its inclusion in the Expanded Program on Immunization(EPI),so as to provide an evidence for formulating prevention and control strategies.Methods HA case data were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Epidemiological characteristics of HA was described,and compared before and after introducing HepA-L into EPI(2004-2007 vs 2008-2020).Results A total of 1510 cases of HA were reported in Zhangzhou city from 2004 to 2020,with an average annual incidence of 1.84/100000.The reported incidence was decreasing year by year(χ^(2)_(trend)=614.02,P<0.001).The highest incidence was 4.57/100000 in 2004,and the lowest was 0.41/100000 in 2020.The top three counties with the highest incidences were Nanjing county,Xiangcheng county and Longwen county.There was no obvious seasonality of the incidence.Of the reported cases,there were more males than females,with a male-to-female ratio of 1.93 to 1.The age of onset was mainly 30-59 years(56.75%).The occupation distribution was mainly farmers(59.40%).The incidence in scattered-living children(2.05%)was higher than that in preschool children(0.73%).The vaccination rate in children at the appropriate age was 84.24%after HepA-L was included.The incidence in children aged 0-14 years for the period of 2008-2020 decreased by 70.26%compared to that for the period of 2004-2007.Conclusions The incidence of HA in Zhangzhou city showed a downward trend from 2004 to 2020.HepA-L has a significant effect in controlling the incidence of hepatitis A in target children after being included in EPI.It is advised to improve vaccination among the children at the appropriate age with missing vaccination,and strengthen the publicity and education of knowledge on hepatitis A prevention and control to reduce the risk of hepatitis A in people who are not under the i

关 键 词：甲型肝炎 流行特征 甲型肝炎疫苗 疫苗效果 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]