2014-2021年河南省平顶山市疑似麻疹病例IgM和核酸检测结果  

IgM antibody and nucleic acid testing results of suspected measles cases in Pingdingshan from 2014 to 2021

作　　者：石岩 王慧晶[1] 王轶[1] SHI Yan;WANG Huijing;WANG Yi(Pingdingshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Pingdingshan,Henan 467000,China)

机构地区：[1]平顶山市疾病预防控制中心,河南平顶山467000

出　　处：《现代疾病预防控制》2023年第8期600-602,共3页MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

摘　　要：目的 分析2014-2021年河南省平顶山市疑似麻疹病例IgM和核酸检测结果,为实验室快速、准确确诊麻疹病例及制定麻疹防控措施提供参考。方法 采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测血清标本中麻疹IgM抗体,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法检测咽拭子标本中麻疹病毒核酸。结果 共有868例疑似麻疹病例采集了标本,其中采集了861份血清标本,841份咽拭子标本。血清标本采用ELISA法进行麻疹IgM检测,阳性242份,阳性率为28.11%;咽拭子标本采用RT-PCR法进行麻疹核酸检测,阳性308例,阳性率为36.62%。对两种检测方法对比分析,RT-PCR法的灵敏度(93.29%)高于ELISA法(71.34%),假阴性率(6.71%)低于ELISA法(28.66%)。IgM抗体和核酸检测,均为出疹后0~3 d采集的标本阳性检出率最低,出疹后4~7 d采集的标本阳性检出率最高。结论 2014-2021年平顶山市麻疹IgM抗体阳性率和核酸阳性率呈下降趋势;在发病初期RT-PCR法优于ELISA法,为提高麻疹确诊率,应同时采集血清和咽拭子标本,实验室要将RT-PCR法与ELISA法配合使用。Objective To analyze the IgM antibody and nucleic acid test results of suspected measles cases in Pingdingshan from 2014 to 2021,and provide reference for quick and accurate diagnosis of measles cases in laboratory and measles prevention and control work in Pingdingshan.Methods Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect measles IgM antibodies in serum samples,and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT PCR)was used to detect measles nucleic acid in pharyngeal swab samples.Results From 2014 to 2021,a total of 868 suspected measles cases in Pingdingshan were tested for IgM antibodies and nucleic acid,with a positive rate of 28.11%(242 cases)for IgM antibodies and 36.62%(308 cases)for nucleic acid.Compared and analyzed the two detection methods,the sensitivity of RT-PCR method(93.29%)was higher than that of ELISA method(71.34%),and the false negative rate of RT-PCR method(6.71%)was lower than that of ELISA method(28.66%).Whether it is IgM antibody or nucleic acid test results,the positive detection rate for samples collected from 0-3 days after eruption is the lowest,and the positive detection rate for samples collected from 4-7 days after eruption is the highest.Conclusions The positive rates of measles IgM antibody and nucleic acid in Pingdingshan decreased from 2014 to 2021;in the early stages of the disease,RT-PCR method is superior to ELISA method.To improve the diagnostic rate of measles,serum and pharyngeal swab samples should be collected simultaneously,and in laboratory,RT-PCR method should be used in conjunction with ELISA method.

关 键 词：麻疹 疑似麻疹病例 RT-PCR ELISA IGM检测 核酸检测 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学]