河南省和陕西省4家医院医用回旋加速器的放射防护措施调查  

Investigation on measures of radiation protection in the medical cyclotron in four hospitals of Henan province and Shaanxi province

作　　者：楚彩芳 赵艳芳 张钦富 程晓军 CHU Caifang;ZHAO Yanfang;ZHANG Qinfu;CHENG Xiaojun(The Third People's Hospital of Henan Province/Henan Hospital for Occupational Diseases,Zhengzhou,Henan 450052,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省第三人民医院/河南省职业病医院,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《现代疾病预防控制》2023年第8期633-637,共5页MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION

摘　　要：目的 了解医用回旋加速器放射性药物生产场所的辐射危害因素及其水平,为医用回旋加速器及其正电子药物合成系统应用过程中的放射防护问题提供应对措施。方法 收集河南省和陕西省4家医院回旋加速器建设项目放射性职业病危害控制效果评价资料,对其工作场所布局、屏蔽措施、通风设施、个人防护用品配备、工作场所辐射水平和人员受照剂量等进行分析。结果 20 MeV回旋加速器机房门外周围剂量当量率最大值为6.8μSv/h,超过国家标准和医院控制水平;1家医院放射性药物生产结束后回旋加速器机房内和放射性药物合成后热室内周围剂量当量率首次检测结果最大值分别为3.5μSv/h和1.8μSv/h,高于通风系统维修后检测结果 0.12~0.15μSv/h和0.12~0.24μSv/h;工作人员体表手表面、工作服表面和工作场所控制区表面β污染检测结果最大值分别为0.72 Bq/cm^(2)、4.81 Bq/cm^(2)和77.0 Bq/cm^(2),超过国家标准要求;工作人员年有效剂量最大值为9.15 mSv,1名分装人员150 d手部当量剂量监测结果达191 m Sv,均超过建设单位的管理目标值。结论 医院在回旋加速器项目设计阶段应合理布局回旋加速器机房,并注重机房门的屏蔽与通风设施的有效性;工作人员在工作中应规范操作,减少污染,注意个人防护,减少人员受照剂量。Objective To understand the radioactive hazard factors and levels at medical cyclotron radiopharmaceutical production sites and provide countermeasures for radiation protection issues during the application process of the medical cyclotron and its positron drug synthesis system.Methods The evaluation data on the effectiveness of controlling radioactive occupational hazards in four hospital in Henan province and Shaanxi cyclotron construction projects were collected.The analysis included workplace layout,shielding measures,ventilation facilities,personal protective equipment,workplace radiation levels,and personal exposure doses.Results The maximum dose equivalent rate around the outside door of a 20 MeV cyclotron room was 6.8μSv/h,exceeding national standards and hospital control levels.The maximum values of the first dose equivalent rate around the Cyclotron room and the hot chamber after the synthesis of radioactive drugs in one hospital after the completion of the production of radioactive drugs were 3.5μSv/h and 1.8μSv/h,respectively,higher than the post-ventilation system maintenance test results(0.12-0.15μSv/h and 0.12-0.24μSv/h).The maximum contamination values on the surfaces of staff hands,clothing,and workplace control areas were 0.72 Bq/cm^(2),4.81 Bq/cm^(2),and 77.0 Bq/cm^(2),respectively,exceeding national standard requirements.The maximum annual effective dose for staff was 9.15 mSv,and the monitoring result for a 150-day hand equivalent dose was 191 mSv,both exceeding the management target value of the construction unit.Conclusions In the design stage of cyclotron project,hospitals should reasonably arrange cyclotron room,and pay attention to the effectiveness of shielding and ventilation facilities;staff should standardize the operation,reduce pollution,pay attention to personal protection and reduce the personal exposure.

关 键 词：医用回旋加速器 放射防护 防护措施 辐射危害 

分 类 号：R142[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]