煤矿热动力重大灾害的不确定性风险特性研究  

Uncertain risk characteristics of major thermodynamic disasters in underground coal mines

作　　者：王德明[1,2] 张伟[1,2] 王和堂[1,2] 仲晓星[1,2] 邵振鲁[1,2] 王晨光[1,2] WANG Deming;ZHANG Wei;WANG Hetang;ZHONG Xiaoxing;SHAO Zhenlu;WANG Chenguang(School of Safety Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China;Key Laboratory of Gas and Fire Control for Coal Mines,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学安全工程学院,江苏徐州1221116 [2]中国矿业大学煤矿瓦斯与火灾防治教育部重点实验室,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《采矿与安全工程学报》2023年第4期826-837,共12页Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(52130411);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51974299)。

摘　　要：煤炭井工开采面临着地质构造和作业环境多变、灾害类型多样等复杂问题,导致以热动力灾害为主的煤矿重特大事故时有发生,已有研究和防控体系主要针对热动力灾害的确定性问题,对不确定性风险则认识不足。为此,本文统计分析了2000年以来发生的煤矿重特大事故特点,重点研究热动力重大灾害的不确定性风险类型和特性。分析认为,煤矿热动力灾害不确定性风险涵盖已知和未知两种。通过对国内外煤矿热动力重大事故的系统总结,并依据火灾(爆炸)三要素,将热动力重大灾害的不确定性分为3类:一是可燃物的来源与变化,如瓦斯来源异常和涌出量变化,瓦斯与煤(含煤尘)复合可燃物的相互作用,违规使用的矿用自燃材料等;二是未知的点火源特性与类型,如采掘装备与岩石间的摩擦撞击和各类电器、机械、带静电材料的放电点火特性不明,采掘过程中顶板压力变化造成引燃含瓦斯空气的点火源类型未知等;三是不合理的通风与控风,如通风不合理造成瓦斯超限或灾变时期的风流紊乱,控风不当造成二次爆炸等。剖析近年来我国八宝煤业、美国UBB煤矿、土耳其索玛煤矿发生的国内外最严重的热动力灾害事故,阐明这些事故的不确定性风险特性,并提出防控不确定性风险的相关对策。Because of complex problems such unstable geological formations,unpredictable working environments,and various types of disasters,thermodynamic catastrophes in coal mines are the main cause of catastrophic accidents in underground coal mining.In this regard,the characteristics of serious accidents occurred since 2000 are statistically analyzed,and the uncertainty risk types and characteristics of major thermodynamic disasters are studied.The analysis concludes that the uncertain risk of thermodynamic disasters covers both known and unknown categories.Through systematic summaries of major domestic and international coal mine thermodynamic accidents,the uncertainties of thermodynamic major disasters are classified into three categories based on the three elements of fire(explosion).One is the source and variation of combustibles,such as abnormal gas sources and changes in gush volume,interaction of gas and coal(including coal dust)compound combustibles,and irregularly used mining spontaneous combustion materials.The second is the unknown characteristics and types of ignition sources,such as the frictional impact between mining equipment and rocks and the unknown ignition characteristics of various electrical,mechanical and electrostatic materials,and the unknown types of ignition sources that ignite gas-containing air due to changes in roof pressure during the mining process.Thirdly,ventilation and wind control are inappropriate,such as ventilation causing gas overlimit or wind flow disorder during disaster,secondary explosion caused by improper wind control,etc.The most serious domestic and international thermodynamic disasters that occurred in recent years in China's Babao Coal,the UBB coal mines in the USA and the Soma coal mines in Turkey are studied,and the uncertainty risk characteristics of these accidents are clarified.Finally,countermeasures to prevent and control uncertainty risks are proposed,starting with adequate recognition of risks and a method to broaden the scope of cognition for discovering risks.

关 键 词：热动力灾害 瓦斯爆炸 矿井火灾 点火源 通风 可燃物 不确定性风险 

分 类 号：TD353[矿业工程—矿井建设]