人工智能何以提升中国制造业发展质量——索洛悖论在中国制造业的再检验  

How AI Improves the Quality of China’s Manufacturing Development:Re-examination of Solow Paradox in China’s Manufacturing

作　　者：李翔 叶初升[2] 潘丽群 LI Xiang;YE Chu-sheng;PAN Li-qun(School of Economics,Xinjiang Finance and Economics,Urumchi 830012,China;Economic Development Research,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;School of Economics and Statistics,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆财经大学经济学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830012 [2]武汉大学经济发展研究中心,湖北武汉430072 [3]广州大学经济与统计学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期44-58,共15页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“丝绸之路经济带建设背景下新疆产业结构升级的路径研究”(19BJL129);国家社会科学基金重大项目“新发展阶段伟大实践与发展经济学理论创新研究”(21&ZD071)。

摘　　要：人工智能在各行各业中的渗透融合是大势所趋。基于2011-2020年中国分省份分行业的制造业数据和行业人工智能使用数据,实证分析发现,人工智能在制造业中的应用并未提升制造业的发展质量,反而使制造业的发展表现出索洛悖论的情形,这种情况在落后地区以及高技术制造业中体现得更为明显。人工智能未能提升制造业发展质量的主要原因有:复合型高素质人才缺乏的制约,以及各地区研发投入强度和市场规模的约束。为了更好引导人工智能在制造业中的应用,打破制造业索洛悖论怪圈,建议加强政府引导,推动人工智能与制造业的深度融合;加强政、企、校合作,加大复合型人才的培养力度;提升研发投入的强度,提高制造业关键核心领域的技术创新能力;建立统一大市场、改善营商环境、降低交易成本。It is a trend for AI to penetrate and integrate all walks of life.The empirical analysis of the manufacturing data and the AI application in China’s provinces and industries from 2011 to 2020 shows that,instead of bolstering the quality of the manufacturing,the AI application has become an example of Solow paradox,which is more obvious in underdeveloped provinces and high-tech manufacturing sectors.The main reasons are the lack of compound high-quality talents,and the constraints of insufficient R&D investment and different market sizes.To better guide the AI application in the manufacturing and break the Solow paradox,it is suggested to strengthen government guidance and promote the deep integration of AI and the manufacturing,enhance the cooperation between government,enterprises and schools to cultivate compound talents,increase R&D investment to improve the technological innovation capability in key fields,and establish a unified market to improve the business environment and reduce transaction costs.

关 键 词：人工智能 制造业发展质量 索洛悖论 人力资本 研发投入 市场规模 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济] F061.2