基于低轨星座的PNT性能提升技术与能力分析  

Analysis of Navigation Augmentation Techniques and Capabilities Based on Low Earth Orbit Constellations

作　　者：卢鋆[1] 宿晨庚[1] 吕飞仁 姜坤[1] 杨晓珩 唐成盼[3] LU Jun;SU Chen’geng;LYU Feiren;JIANG Kun;YANG Xiaoheng;TANG Chengpan(Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology,Beijing 100094,China;The 29th Institute of CETC,Chengdu 610036,China;Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China)

机构地区：[1]北京跟踪与通信技术研究所,北京100094 [2]中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所,成都610036 [3]中国科学院上海天文台,上海200030

出　　处：《航天器工程》2023年第4期1-11,共11页Spacecraft Engineering

摘　　要：从导航增强与弹性定位、导航和授时(Positioning,Navigation and Timing,PNT)两个方向,系统阐述基于低轨星座的PNT性能提升能力,包括全球天基监测、全球准实时高精度、可信认证、弹性应急备份等。综合国内外低轨星座发展现状,分析了低轨星座实现PNT性能提升的两种实现途径:一是在导航频段播发信号实现性能提升,可与现有各全球卫星导航系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)实现良好的兼容与互操作性能;二是利用通信频段播发导航通信(导通)融合信号,实现与现有导航频段信号的弹性应急备份。二者均可实现定位精度及其收敛时间、完好性、安全性等性能提升,但因信号频段和业务类型差异,两者的技术体制、实现能力和代价有所不同。为此,文章从星载接收与处理技术、导航增强和导通融合信号体制设计、同时同频收发干扰抑制技术、弹性终端融合接收处理技术等方面,分析了实现导航增强和弹性PNT服务的关键技术,最后给出了基于低轨星座的PNT性能提升的发展建议。文章的研究成果,有助于进一步探索低轨星座的潜力,促进全球卫星导航系统的发展,并为低轨PNT性能提升技术的研究和应用提供参考。This paper systematically expounds the performance improvement capabilities of Positioning Navigation and Timing(PNT)based on Low Earth Orbit(LEO)constellations,including navigation augmentation and elastic positioning.The study discusses capabilities such as global space-based monitoring,global quasi-real-time high-precision,trusted authentication,elastic positioning and etc.Based on the current development status of LEO constellations both domestic and international,this paper analyzes two approaches for improving PNT performance.The first approach involves signal in navigation frequency bands,which can achieve good compatibility and interoperability with existing Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS).The second approach is based on navigation and communication fusion signal,enabling elastic emergency backup capabilities with GNSS signals.Both approaches can improve the performance in positioning accuracy,convergence time,integrity and security.But due to the variations in frequency bands and core service types,their technical systems,implementation capabilities,and costs may differ significantly.Therefore,In order to address these aspects,the key technologies and implementation methods for navigation enhancement and elastic PNT service are also analyzed from the aspects of onboard reception and processing technology,navigation enhancement and fusion signal system design,simultaneous and same frequency interference suppression technology,elastic terminal fusion reception and processing technology in this paper.Finally,the paper presents recommendations for advancing PNT performance with LEO constellations.The research results can contribute to further exploring the potential of LEO constellations,promoting the development of GNSS,and providing insights for the study and application of LEO PNT performance enhancement technology.

关 键 词：低轨星座 PNT性能提升 导航增强 弹性PNT 

分 类 号：V474.2[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]