载人航天器常见密封结构的失效分析  

Failure Analysis of Common Seal Structures in Manned Spacecraft

作　　者：常洁[1] 李小琪 余晨帆 陈同祥[1] CHANG Jie;LI Xiaoqi;YU Chenfan;CHEN Tongxiang(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094

出　　处：《航天器工程》2023年第4期53-59,共7页Spacecraft Engineering

摘　　要：载人航天器密封结构有低漏率、高可靠、长寿命等要求。文章对载人航天器中的穿舱法兰、舱门、阀门等密封结构及其典型的失效模式进行了分析。对于静密封,针对压缩量过大导致橡胶密封圈加速老化和低温下导致橡胶密封圈接触应力降低的原因进行了剖析;对于动密封,分析了剪切应力过大导致橡胶密封件疲劳磨损、长期静置导致粘附和密封槽设置不合理导致局部压缩量不足等现象。通过对失效机理的分析,结合改进措施的仿真分析验证和试验验证效果,提出了各类典型结构部位、在不同使用条件下的密封设计规范。The sealing structure of manned spacecraft has the requirements of low leakage rate,high reliability and long life.This paper analyzes the seal structures and typical failure modes of through-capsule flange doors,hatch and valve in manned spacecraft.For static seal,the reason of the rubber seal ring aging caused by too much compression and the decrease of contact stress at low temperature are analyzed.For dynamic seal,the phenomenon of excessive shear stress leading to fatigue wear of rubber seals,long time standing leading to adhesion,and unreasonable setting of sealing groove leading to insufficient local compression are analyzed.By analyzing the failure mechanism and combining the actual analysis and experimental verification of improvement measures,various typical structures parts and sealing design specifications under different usage conditions have been proposed.

关 键 词：载人航天器 密封 失效 压缩 低温 疲劳 粘附 

分 类 号：V414.8[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]