中国特色境外追赃没收裁决承认与执行法律机制的重构  

Reconstruction of the Legal Mechanism for the Recognition and Enforcement of Awards for Overseas Recovery and Confiscation of Goods with Chinese Characteristics

作　　者：蒋新苗[1] 栗进东 JIANG Xin-miao;LI Jin-dong(Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学,湖南长沙410081

出　　处：《时代法学》2023年第4期1-8,共8页Presentday Law Science

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“构建中国特色境外追逃追赃国际合作法律机制研究”(项目批准号:17ZDA136)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：相互承认与执行没收裁决主要内容是赃款流出国与赃款实际所在国依据双边协定、国际公约以及国内法律法规进行司法合作,通过判决或登记等方式承认资产流出国签发的没收令的法律效力,并对所涉资产予以没收。这是国家之间追回外流赃款的一种方式,属于刑事司法协助与合作的范畴。与其他跨国追赃方式相比较,具有通约化、便利性、效率高、成本低的独特优势。充分发挥跨国追赃没收裁决承认与执行机制的功能是构建中国特色追赃机制的应有之义。受政治经济文化历史传统以及司法理念的制约,具有中国特色的境外追赃没收裁决的承认与执行机制尚缺乏系统性、针对性、全面性、科学性、实用性和权威性,加之相关法律依据不够明晰,实践困境与障碍仍然存在。跨国追赃没收裁决的承认与执行的法治化必然要求构建科学合理有效的保障机制,我国相关立法与司法实践的更新或重构已势在必行。Mutual recognition and enforcement of confiscation rulings mainly refer to judicial cooperation between the country where the illicit money flows out and the country where the illicit money actually lies according to bilateral agreements,international conventions,and domestic laws and regulations,recognizing the legal effect of confiscation orders issued by the country where the assets flow out through judgments or registration,and confiscating the assets involved.This is a way to recover illicit money flowing abroad between countries,which belongs to the category of criminal judicial assistance and cooperation.Compared with other transnational tracing methods,it has the unique advantages of generalization,convenience,high efficiency,and low cost.Giving full play to the function of recognition and enforcement mechanism of transnational confiscation award is the proper meaning of the title.Restricted by political,economic,cultural,historical traditions and judicial ideas,the recognition and enforcement mechanism of overseas confiscation rulings with Chinese characteristics lacks systematicness,pertinence,comprehensiveness,scientificity,practicability,and authority.In addition,the relevant legal basis is not clear enough,and it is difficult to completely eliminate practical difficulties and obstacles.The legalization of the recognition and enforcement of transnational confiscation rulings inevitably requires the construction of a scientific,reasonable,and effective guarantee mechanism,and it is imperative to update or reconstruct the relevant legislation and judicial practice in China.

关 键 词：追赃 没收裁决 互惠原则 司法协助 法律机制 

分 类 号：D997[政治法律—国际法学]