云南省宾川县亚麻高效栽培技术研究  

Research on Efficient Cultivation Techniques of Flax in Binchuan County,Yunnan Province

作　　者：陈苏 龙松华[1] 郭媛[1] 朱炫 周志业 赵信林 王玉富[1] 邱财生[1] CHEN Su;LONG Songhua;GUO Yuan;ZHU Xuan;ZHOU Zhiye;ZHAO Xinlin;WANG Yufu;QIU Caisheng(Institute of Bast Fiber Crops,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha 410221,Hunan,China;Institute of Industrial Crops,Dali Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dali 671600,Yunnan,China;Binchuan County Agricultural Bureau of Yunnan Province,Binchuan 671600,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院麻类研究所,湖南长沙410221 [2]大理州农业科学推广研究院经济作物研究所,云南大理671000 [3]云南省宾川县农业局,云南宾川671600

出　　处：《中国麻业科学》2023年第4期160-169,182,共11页Plant Fiber Sciences in China

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(CARS-16-E13);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610242021001);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IBFC-04)。

摘　　要：为获得适合云南省宾川县及类似环境条件下的亚麻高效栽培技术,利用6因素5水平正交设计试验研究了不同品种、种植密度、施肥量、抗旱剂及其组合(共计25个处理)对原茎产量、籽粒产量以及各农艺性状的影响。结果表明,25个处理的原茎产量在11850~14750 kg/hm^(2),不同处理之间的原茎产量无显著差异,籽粒产量范围为1100~2267 kg/hm^(2),处理间存在极显著差异。从各因素不同水平之间的多重比较结果来看,亚麻品种对原茎产量、籽粒产量和分枝数的影响最为显著,氮肥可显著影响亚麻株高,磷肥对亚麻蒴果数影响较大,钾肥则会显著影响亚麻茎粗,抗旱剂会显著影响亚麻工艺长度,而种植密度对亚麻产量的影响在一定范围内不显著,播种密度在1600~2650粒/m^(2)的水平下均可达到高产。综合比较分析,在使用亚麻品种5f069,播种密度为2300粒/m^(2)的条件下,施氮(N)12 kg/hm^(2)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))27 kg/hm^(2)、钾(K_(2)O)14 kg/hm^(2)、抗旱剂450 mL/hm^(2)时原茎产量可达到最高,而在使用双亚7号,播种密度1950粒/m^(2),施氮12 kg/hm^(2)、磷32 kg/hm^(2)、钾24 kg/hm^(2)、抗旱剂300 mL/hm^(2)时籽粒产量达到最高。In order to obtain efficient flax cultivation techniques to suit Binchuan county,Yunnan province and similar environments,the effects of different varieties,seeding densities,fertilization rate,drought-resistant agent and their combinations(a total of 25 treatments)on straw yield,grain yield and some agronomic traits were investigated using a six-factor,five-level orthogonal design experiment.The results showed that there was no significant difference in straw yield among different treatments,which ranged from 11850 to 14750 kg/hm^(2),while there was a highly significant difference in grain yield with a range from 1100 to 2267 kg/hm^(2).Nitrogen fertilizer could significantly affect flax plant height,and phosphorus fertilizer had a greater effect on the number of capsules,potassium fertilizer significantly affected the diameter of stems,and the drought-resistant agent significantly affected the technical length,while no significant effects of seeding densities on yield were found,and the seeding densities ranged from 1600 grains/m^(2)to 2650 grains/m^(2)could achieve high yields.Through comprehensive comparative analysis,the highest yield of straw yield can be achieved under the conditions of using flax variety 5f069,seeding density of 2300 grains/m^(2),applying nitrogen(N)12 kg/hm^(2),phosphorus(P_(2)O_(5))27 kg/hm^(2),potassium(K_(2)O)14 kg/hm^(2)and drought-resistant agent 450 mL/hm^(2),and the highest grain yield can be achieved under the conditions of using flax with variety Shuangya 7,seeding density of 1950 grains/m^(2),applying nitrogen(N)12 kg/hm^(2),phosphorus(P_(2)O_(5))32 kg/hm^(2),potassium(K_(2)O)24 kg/hm^(2)and drought-resistant agent 300 mL/hm^(2).

关 键 词：亚麻 高产 播种密度 施肥量 抗旱剂 

分 类 号：S563.2[农业科学—作物学]